Sodium borohydride nabh4

Expandable graphite (EG, 99.9%) purchased from Asbury Carbons (USA) was used for fabrication of graphene. The chemical reagents such as sodium borohydride (NaBH₄) (>99% purity), hydrogen peroxide (30%), ferric (III) chloride (>96%), 4-nitrophenol (4-NP), sodium hydroxide (NaOH) (>97%), sodium hypochlorite (4%), and sulphuric acid (>99%), (Analytical Grade (AR)) used in the study were obtained from SISCO Research laboratories (SRL Chemicals, India). Bamboo pulp, was selected as the initial cellulosic precursor for the fabrication of CNCs, which was received from Hindustan Paper Corporation Limited (HPCL, Assam, India). The platinum (PtCl₂) (99.9%) and palladium chloride (PdCl₂) (99%) salts used in this study were purchased from Sigma Aldrich, India.

The chemicals used were obtained from commercial suppliers of different companies and were of analytical grades. Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) average Mn ∼10 000, ethanol (99.9%) was obtained from Monitoring Control Laboratories Ltd, palladium(ii) acetate (98%) (C₄H₆O₄Pd), tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) (99%), and acetophenone (99%) (C₈H₈O) were bought from Sigma-Aldrich. n-Decane, (CH₃(CH₂)₈CH₃) (99%) was purchased from Alfa Aesar, magnesium sulphate dried (MgSO₄) (52–70%) was obtained from Rochelle chemicals, sodium borohydride (NaBH₄) (≥98.0%) was purchased from Sisco Research Laboratories (SRL) Pvt. While ethyl acetate, sodium bicarbonate NaHCO₃ (99.50%), and NaOH (99.90%) were obtained from Promack chemicals. Milli-Q water of 18.2 MΩ cm was used to prepare all the solutions.

Copper sulfate (CuSO₄ 5H₂O) with molecular weight 159.6 g/mol, and L-Ascorbic acid(C₆H₈O₆) with molecular weight 176.1 g/mol were purchased from Sigma Aldrich. Sodium borohydride (NaBH₄) and curcumin (Turmeric Yellow) (458-37-7) with molecular weight 368.39 g/mol were purchased from Sisco Research Laboratories Pvt. Ltd.