Heweten 102

The active pharmaceutical ingredient (API), nafamostat mesylate, was purchased from Kukjeon (Anyang, Gyeonggi-do, Korea). Microcelac was supplied by Meggle (Wasserburg am Inc., Upper Bavaria, Germany). Crospovidone was supplied by BASK (Carl-Bosch-Str.38; Ludwigshafen, Germany). Hydroxypropyl cellulose was purchased from Nippon Soda (Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan). Sodium stearyl fumarate was purchased from JRS Pharma (Holzmuhle 1, Rosenberg, Germany). The following reagents were used throughout the study: microcrystalline cellulose (Heweten 102, JRS Pharma, Rosenberg, Germany), lactose (Pgarmatose 200M, DFE Pharma, Goch, Germany), mannitol (Pearlitol 200SD, Roquette Pharma, Lestrem, France), dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (Innophos, Cranbury, NJ, USA), pregelatinized starch (Starch 1500, Colorcon, Shanghai, China), hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (METHOCEL, Colorcon, Shanghai, China), sodium starch glycolate (GLYCOLYS, Roquette, Lestrem, France), magnesium stearate (Faci Asia Pacific Pty Ltd., Jurong Island, Singapore), and croscarmellose sodium (VIVASOL, JRS Pharma, Rosenberg, Germany). All other chemicals were of analytical reagent grade and were purchased commercially.

The Wuzi Yanzong formula consists of five types of seeds: Cuscutae semen (Cuscuta chinensis), Lycii fructus (Lycium barbarum), Rubi fructus (Rubus chingii), Schizandrae fructus (Schizandra chinensis), and Plantaginis semen (Plantago asiatica) [16 (link)]. The herbal seeds were obtained from Ominherb (Deagu, Korea). Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC, Heweten^® 102, JRS Pharma, Rosenberg, Germany), croscarmellose sodium (CCS, Ac-Di-Sol^®, FMC biopolymer, Philadelphia, PA, USA), crospovidone (Cros, Kollidone^® CL, BASF, Ludwigshafen, Germany), silicon dioxide (SiO₂, Aerosil^®-200, Evonic Degussa, Essen, Germany), and magnesium stearate (Mg St, FACI, Jurong Island, Singapore) were purchased from Whawon Pharm (Seoul, Korea). All of the other reagents were of analytical or of high-performance liquid chromatograpy (HPLC) grade.

JIN-001 was provided by Formosa laboratories. INC. (Taoyuan, Taiwan). Propylene glycol monocaprylate type II (Capryol 90) was purchased from Gattefosse (Lyon, France). Whereas CSD (Aerosil 200) was obtained from Evonik Industries (Essen, Germany). Each chemical was purchased from its respective company: Microcrystalline cellulose (Heweten 102, JRS Pharma, Rosenberg, Germany), Polyvinylpyrrolidone (Kollidon 25, BASF Pharma, Ludwigshafen, Germany), Hydroxypropyl Cellulose (NISSO HPC-SL, Nippon Soda Co., Ltd., Tokushima, Japan), Sodium starch glycolate (GLYCOLYS, Roquette, Lestrem, France), Sodium lauryl sulfate (Daejung Chemicals & Metals, Siheung, Korea), Magnesium stearate (Faci Asia Pacific Pty Ltd., Jurong Island, Singapore), Sodium stearyl fumarate (JRS Pharma, Rosenberg, Germany), Poloxamer (SYNPERONIC PE/F, CRODA, Singapore), Lauroyl polyoxyl-32 glycerides (GELUCIRE 44/14, Gattefosse, Lyon, France), Citric acid anhydrous (SHINWON, Eumseong, Korea), Calcium hydroxide (Spectrum, Gardena, CA, USA). Acetonitrile and methanol were obtained from DUKSAN (Ansan, Korea) in HPLC grade. Deionized water was obtained from the deionized water manufacturing equipment (Pure power I+, Human Corporation, Seoul, Korea), with a resistivity of 18.2 MΩ. All other reagents were reagent grade and were purchased commercially.