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6 protocols using chloroplatinic acid solution

1

Microwave-Assisted Pt-Based Catalyst Synthesis

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Catalysts were synthesized via the polyol method using a microwave (Multiwave 5000, Anton Paar GmbH, Graz, Austria) and a fixed amount of Pt (20 wt%). First, 80 mg of rGO, srGO, and CB were mixed with 40 mL of ethyl glycol and sonicated for 1 h. A Pt precursor, Chloroplatinic acid solution (H2PtCl6∙6H2O Sigma-Aldrich), was added to the solution using a magnetic stirrer for approximately 30 min. The pH of the solution was adjusted to 12 using potassium hydroxide. The prepared solution was then heated in a microwave oven. The synthesized catalysts were washed with ethanol and deionized water and placed in a vacuum oven at 50 °C to dry overnight.
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2

Synthesis and Characterization of TiO2 Nanoparticle Catalysts

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P25 TiO2 nanoparticles (21 nm,
Evonik), chloroplatinic acid solution (H2PtCl6, 8% v/v, Sigma-Aldrich), trisodium citrate dihydrate (Sigma-Aldrich),
sodium borohydride (NaBH4, 99%, Sigma-Aldrich), melamine
(99%, Sigma-Aldrich), nickel(II) chloride hexahydrate (NiCl2·6H2O, 99.9%, Sigma-Aldrich), sodium hypophosphite
monohydrate (NaH2PO2·H2O, Fischer
Scientific), Nafion solution (5 wt %, Sigma-Aldrich), sodium carbonate
(Na2CO3, 99.9%, Sigma-Aldrich), sodium bicarbonate
(NaHCO3, 99.9%, Sigma-Aldrich), sodium chloride (NaCl,
99.9%, Sigma-Aldrich), acetonitrile (MeCN, Sigma-Aldrich), 13C-sodium bicarbonate (NaH13CO3, 99.9%, Sigma-Aldrich),
PET film (Goodfellow, ES30-FM-000125), CO2 with 2% CH4 (BOC), N2 with 2% CH4 (BOC), and 13CO2 (Sigma-Aldrich).
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3

Synthesis and Characterization of Metallic Nanostructures

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Gold(III) chloride trihydrate (HAuCl4·3H2O, 99.9%), palladium(II) chloride solution
(H2PdCl4), chloroplatinic acid solution (H2PtCl6), hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB,
99%), 4-nitrothiolphenol (4-NTP), 4-MBA, 2-nitro-5-sulfanylbenzoic
acid, sodium hydroxide (NaOH, 98%), potassium iodide (KI, 99%), l-ascorbic acid (AA, 99%), and sodium borohydride (NaBH4, 99%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO).
Sodium citrate dihydrate (Na-Cit, 99%) was purchased from Fisher scientific
(Waltham, MA). Ethanol was purchased from Decon Laboratories (King
of Prussia, PA). Silver nitrate (AgNO3) and poly(vinylpyrrolidone)
(PVP, MW ≈ 29,000, 0.7 mM in terms
of the repeating unit) were purchased from Aldrich. All chemicals
were used as received without purification.
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4

Synthesis of Chalcogenide Materials

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Antimony(III) sulfide (99.995%. Sigma Aldrich), antimony(III) selenide (99.99%, Sigma Aldrich), tin powder (99.8%, 325 mesh, Acros Organics), selenium powder (99.999%, 200 mesh, Alfa Aesar), sulfur (99.998%, Sigma Aldrich), copper powder (99%, Alfa Aesar), ammonium sulfide solution (40–48 wt% in H2O, Sigma Aldrich), chloroplatinic acid solution (8 wt% in H2O, Sigma Aldrich), ammonium tetrathiomolybdate (99.97%, Sigma Aldrich), 2-[2-(5-methylfuran-2-yl)vinyl]-4,6-bis(trichloromethyl)-1,3,5-triazine (MFVT, TCI), N-(trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy)-1,8-naphthalimide (IM-NIT, WIMAS Corp.), ethylenediamine (≥99.5%, Sigma Aldrich), 1,2-ethanedithiol (≥98.0%, Sigma Aldrich), anhydrous acetonitrile (99.8%, Sigma Aldrich), anhydrous toluene (99.8%, Sigma Aldrich), N-methyl formamide (99%, Sigma Aldrich), anhydrous dimethyl sulfoxide (≥99.9%, Sigma Aldrich), ethyl alcohol (99.5%, Samchun), and methyl alcohol (99.5%, Samchun) were used in the experiments. All chemicals and reagents were used as received without further purification.
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5

Fabrication of Hybrid Polymer Composites

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Cellulase (Trichoderma reesei ATCC 26 921), cellulose (20 µm, microcrystalline powder, 98%), chloroplatinic acid solution (8 wt% H2PtCl6 in H2O), ethylene glycol (99%), hydrochloric acid (37%), melamine (99%), nickel(II) chloride (98%), sodium acetate (≥99%), and sodium borohydride (99%) were purchased from Sigma‐Aldrich. PET (powder, 300 µm, >40% crystallinity, ≥99%) was purchased from Goodfellow Cambridge Ltd. Potassium hydroxide and sodium hypophosphite were purchased from Fisher Scientific. HGMs with an average diameter of 18 µm (3 M iM30k) were donated by Lawrence Industries. MilliQ water was used in all syntheses while deionized water was used in all substrate solutions and for washing procedures. TW solids were sourced from the middle fraction of a wet waste gravity separation process[43] containing mixed plastics and refuse‐derived fuels and gifted by Montanuniversität Leoben, Austria. All chemicals were used as received.
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6

Synthesis of Cobalt-based Electrocatalyst

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All chemicals were purchased from the indicated commercial vendors and used as received. Deionized (DI) water used for all experiments was processed in a Millipore Direct-Q system (18.2 MΩ cm resistivity). Melamine (M, 99%), chloroplatinic acid solution (8 wt.% H2PtCl6 in H2O), cobalt (II) chloride hexahydrate (CoCl2•6H2O, 98% ACS), and Nafion perfluorinated resin solution (5 wt.% in lower aliphatic alcohols and water) from Sigma-Aldrich; hydrochloric acid (HCl, 32 wt.%, AR) from Bio-Lab, Israel; triethanolamine (TEOA, 99%) from Carl Roth; 2,2'-bipyridine (bpy, 99+%) from Alfa Aesar; ethylene glycol (EG, ≥99.5%) from Merck; acetonitrile (MeCN, HPLC solvent) and anhydrous sodium sulfate (Na2SO4, 99%) from J. T. Baker.
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