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6 protocols using duoset enzyme linked immunosorbent assay elisa

1

Comprehensive Plasma Lipid and Cytokine Analysis

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A panel of 51 eicosanoids and lipid metabolites were measured in plasma samples using a 6490 Triple Quadrupole mass spectrometer (Agilent, New Castle, DE, USA). The individual eicosanoids were identified using metabolite-specific fragmentation and retention times12 . We used the Milliplex MAP High Sensitivity Human Cytokine Magnetic Bead Panel (EMD Millipore Corp., St. Charles, MO) to measure four cytokines: IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-10. An additional inflammation marker, CRP, was also measured using a DuoSet enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN)10 (link).
We measured three protein oxidation markers in plasma samples: 3-nitrotyrosine [NY], 3-chlorotyrosine [CY], and o,o’-dityrosine [DY]. To quantify these biomarkers, total plasma protein was first precipitated and diluted with a phosphate buffer. The samples were then delipidated, injected with isotopically labeled standards, and hydrolyzed for 24 h. Subsequently, the processed plasma samples underwent liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Additional oxidative stress markers 8-IP and 8-OHdG were measured in urine samples at Cayman Chemical (Ann Arbor, MI). 8-IP was quantified using affinity column chromatography followed by an enzyme immunoassay, and 8-OHdG was measured directly through an enzyme immunoassay48 .
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2

Evaluation of Iron Biomarkers

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All participants underwent blood collection by venipuncture at a medical facility. Hemoglobin (Hb) was measured by a complete blood cell count using a hematology analyzer (Sysmex, Kobe, Japan). Serum ferritin was measured by a chemiluminescence immunoassay by Beckman Coulter Unicel DxC 800 (Beckman Coulter, Brea, CA, USA). Transferrin saturation (TS) was calculated by dividing serum iron by the total iron-binding capacity (TIBC). Serum iron was measured by a ferrozine-based colorimetric assay and TIBC by an immunoturbidimetric method with a Beckman Coulter Unicel DxC 800 (Beckman Coulter). Serum hepcidin levels were measured with a human hepcidin DuoSet enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA), according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Variation in the intra- and inter-assay coefficients of serum hepcidin was <10%.
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3

CRP and PTX3 Measurement in Plasma

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CRP was measured with high‐sensitivity technique (detection limit 0.15 mg/L), performed by turbidimetry, at the Clinical Chemistry laboratory of the University Hospital in Linköping.
A DuoSet enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA; detection limit 0.22 µg/L) kit was used to analyze PTX3 levels in plasma (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA). Assays were performed according to the manufacturers’ instructions as previously described (29 (link), 30 (link)). Briefly, Costar (Corning, NY, USA) half‐area plates were coated with 2 µg/mL of mouse anti‐human PTX3 and incubated overnight. Plates were blocked by 1% bovine serum albumin in PBS for 1 h and incubated thereafter with samples and standards for 2 h. Biotinylated goat anti‐human PTX3 (60 ng/mL) was added and incubated for 2 h, followed by addition of streptavidin horseradish peroxidase (R&D Systems) diluted 1:40 and another 20 min of incubation. Plates were developed with tetramethylbenzidine substrate and the reaction was stopped by adding 1 M H2SO4. All incubations were performed at room temperature. Plate reader VersaMax (Molecular devices, San Jose, CA, USA) and software SoftMax Pro version 5.4.1 (Molecular devices) were used.
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4

Quantifying Cytokine and Chemokine Levels

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Human IL-1 beta/IL-1F2 DuoSet Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) (R&D #DY201) and Human CXCL10/IP-10 DuoSet ELISA (R&D #DY266) were performed according to the manufacturer’s recommendations.
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5

Cytokine Quantification via ELISA

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TGF-β and TNF-α were measured in collected supernatants by Duoset enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (R&D Systems Inc., Minneapolis, MN) according to the manufacturer protocol. Absorbencies were measured at 450 nm using the UV-max ELISA plate reader (SunriseTM). The ELISA reader-controlling software (Magellan, V 7.1) readily processes the digital data of raw absorbance value into a standard curve from which cytokine concentrations of unknown samples can be derived directly. Results are expressed as a pictogram of cytokine per milliliter of the supernatant.
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6

Characterizing Lung Cancer-Osteoblast Interactions

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Chemicals. tcn was obtained from extrasynthese (genay, france), dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSo) (Sigmaaldrich, St. louis, Mo, uSa), and stored at -20˚C. Control cultures received the carrier solvent (0.1% DMSo). all chemicals used were in their purest form available commercially.
Cell culture and conditioned medium. Human non-small cell lung cancer H460 cells were obtained from the american type culture collection (HtB-177) (Manassas, Va, uSa) and cultured in rPMi-1640 medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum (fBS) (both from gibco-Brl, gaithersburg, MD, uSa). Human primary osteoblasts were obtained from lonza (Walkersville, MD, uSa) and cultured in osteoblast medium (oBM) (lonza).
to obtain the various conditioned media (cM), H460 cells (2x10 6 /100 mm dish) were treated with various concentrations of BaP (Sigma-aldrich) for 6 h. after treatment, the medium was replaced and the supernatant harvested and filtered (0.22 mm) after 24 h of incubation.
Measurement of secreted factors. Supernatants from osteoblasts and H460 cells were collected. levels of osteoprotegerin (oPg), macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-cSf), ranKl and il-8 were assessed and quantified using the DuoSet enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (eliSa) (r&D Systems, Minneapolis, Mn, uSa). PtHrP levels were determined by an eliSa kit (abnova corp., taipei, taiwan).
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