Potassium chloride (kcl)

Manufactured by Carl Roth

Sourced in Germany, United States

Potassium chloride (KCl) is a chemical compound that is commonly used in laboratory equipment and settings. It is a crystalline salt that consists of potassium and chloride ions. KCl is a white, odorless, and water-soluble substance.

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Lab products found in correlation

Sodium chloride (nacl), by Carl Roth (25 mentions) Na2hpo4, by Carl Roth (7 mentions) Mgcl2, by Carl Roth (7 mentions) Kh2po4, by Carl Roth (7 mentions) Hepes, by Carl Roth (7 mentions) Ethanol, by Carl Roth (5 mentions) Hydrochloric acid (hcl), by Carl Roth (5 mentions) Sucrose, by Carl Roth (5 mentions) Hydrochloric acid (hcl), by Merck Group (5 mentions) Mgso4, by Carl Roth (5 mentions) Cacl2, by Carl Roth (5 mentions) Potassium dihydrogen phosphate, by Carl Roth (4 mentions) Dithiothreitol (dtt), by Merck Group (4 mentions) Sodium chloride (nacl), by Merck Group (4 mentions) Triton x 100, by Carl Roth (4 mentions) Acetonitrile, by Merck Group (4 mentions) Ethanol, by Merck Group (4 mentions) Nahco3, by Carl Roth (4 mentions) Kh2po4, by Merck Group (4 mentions) Disodium hydrogen phosphate, by Carl Roth (3 mentions)

57 protocols using potassium chloride (kcl)

Electrochemical Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein

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All chemicals were used as received without further purification. The chemicals were purchased as follows: pyrrole 98% − from Alfa Aesar (Germany), sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄; 96%) from Lachner (Czech Republic), nitric acid (HNO₃, 63%), sodium hydroxide (NaOH, 98%), and chloroplatinic acid (H₂PtCl₆, 40% Pt) from Merck (Germany), potassium phosphate (KH₂PO₄, 98%) from Honeywell Riedel-de Haen (Germany), sodium chloride (NaCl, 99,5%), potassium chloride (KCl, 99,5%), and disodium hydrogen phosphate (Na₂HPO₄, 99%) from Carl Roth (Germany). SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoproteins were purchased from UAB Baltymas (Lithuania).
The experiment was performed using potentiostat/galvanostat Metrohm-Autolab model μAutolabIII/FRA2 μ3AUT71079 controlled by NOVA 2.1.3 software (EcoChemie, The Netherlands). All measurements were done in a homemade cell. The total volume of the cell was 250 μL. Three-electrode system consisted of a working electrode (WE) – Pt disk with 1 mm diameter sealed in glass, reference electrode (RE) – Ag/AgCl, and counter electrode (CE) – Pt disk of 2 mm diameter.

Ratautaite V., Boguzaite R., Brazys E., Plausinaitis D., Ramanavicius S., Samukaite-Bubniene U., Bechelany M, & Ramanavicius A. (2022). Evaluation of the interaction between SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoproteins and the molecularly imprinted polypyrrole. Talanta, 253, 123981.

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Purification of Membrane Proteins and Lipids

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Potassium chloride, sodium chloride, urea, imidazole, N,N-Dimethyldodecylamine N-oxide (LDAO), n-Dodecyl β-D-maltoside (DDM), and lysozyme were received from Carl-Roth. 2-Amino-2-(hydroxymethyl)−1,3-propanediol (Tris) was obtained from Roche; citric acid, bovine serum albumin (BSA), and n-hexadecane were purchased from Acros. Pentane, magnesium chloride, dithiothreitol, iodoacetamide, trypsin, beta-casein, cytochrome C, alpha-casein, sheep blood and peptides were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Merck), ethanol from (Boomlab). 1,2-diphytanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPhPC), and sphingomyelin were received from Avanti Polar Lipids. Ni-NTA beads were obtained from Qiagen.

Lucas F.L., Versloot R.C., Yakovlieva L., Walvoort M.T, & Maglia G. (2021). Protein identification by nanopore peptide profiling. Nature Communications, 12, 5795.

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Paracetamol Release from Polymeric Filaments

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The water-soluble model drug paracetamol (water solubility according to manufacturer: 14 g/L at 20 °C), also known as acetaminophen, was purchased from Caesar & Loretz GmbH (Hilden, Germany). The used water-insoluble polymers Eudragit^® RS PO/ RS 100 and Eudragit^® RL PO/ RL 100 (ammonio methacrylate copolymer type A and B) were kindly donated by Evonik Industries AG (Essen, Germany). Triethyl citrate (TEC; Merck Schuchardt OHG, Hohenbrunn, Germany) was used as a plasticizer. Further used chemicals were methanol (VWR International S.A.S., Rosny-sous-Bois, France), sodium chloride (Caesar & Loretz GmbH, Hilden, Germany), potassium chloride (Carl Roth GmbH + Co. KG, Karlsruhe, Germany), calcium chloride monohydrate (Caesar & Loretz GmbH, Hilden, Germany or Carl Roth GmbH + Co. KG, Karlsruhe, Germany), 2-(N-morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid monohydrate (Carl Roth GmbH + Co. KG, Karlsruhe, Germany) and sodium hydroxide (Caesar & Loretz GmbH, Hilden, Germany). Additionally, a conventional 3D printable white filament with a diameter of 2.85 mm based on polylactic acid (PLA) was purchased from Formfutura BV (Nijmegen, The Netherlands).

Domsta V., Hänsch C., Lenz S., Gao Z., Matin-Mann F., Scheper V., Lenarz T, & Seidlitz A. (2023). The Influence of Shape Parameters on Unidirectional Drug Release from 3D Printed Implants and Prediction of Release from Implants with Individualized Shapes. Pharmaceutics, 15(4), 1276.

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Analytical Reagents and Standards

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Ultrapure water was obtained by purifying demineralized water in a Direct-Q 3 UV-R system (Merck, Millipore, Darmstadt, Germany). LC-MS-grade acetonitrile, m ethanol, ammonium formate, and HPLC-grade chloroform were purchased from Carl Roth GmbH and Co. KG (Karlsruhe, Germany). LC-MS-grade isopropanol was from Merck KgaA (Darmstadt, Germany). LC-MS tuning mix and hexamethoxyphosphazine, used as tuning standards, as well as hexakis(1H,1H,3H-tetrafluoropropoxy)phosphazine, and purine, used as lock masses, were purchased from Agilent Technologies (City of Santa Clara, CA, USA). Acetic acid, ethanol, sodium carbonate, disodium hydrogen phosphate, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate (all analytical-grade) were from Carl Roth GmbH and Co. KG (Karlsruhe, Germany). 2,2’-Azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS), fluorescein, and trolox (all analytical-grade) were from Sigma-Aldrich Chemie GmbH (Deisenhofen, Germany). 2,2’-Azobis(2-methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride (AAPH), potassium peroxodisulphate, and gallic acid (both of analytical-grade) were purchased from Fisher Scientific GmbH (Schwerte, Germany). Folin-Ciocalteu phenol reagent (analytical-grade) was obtained from Merck KgaA (Darmstadt, Germany). Acetone (analytical-grade) was obtained from VWR International LLC (Fontenay-sous-Bois, France).

Loesel H., Shakiba N., Wenck S., Le Tan P., Karstens T.O., Creydt M., Seifert S., Hackl T, & Fischer M. (2023). Food Monitoring: Limitations of Accelerated Storage to Predict Molecular Changes in Hazelnuts (Corylus avellana L.) under Realistic Conditions Using UPLC-ESI-IM-QTOF-MS. Metabolites, 13(10), 1031.

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Chemical Reagents Used in MS Analysis

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All chemicals were of analytical grade. For
mass spectrometry (MS), analytic solvents and formic acid were of
MS grade. Acetonitrile and methanol were bought from Fisher Scientific
(Loughborough, UK). Hydrochloric acid (HCl, 37%) was obtained from
Grüssing (Filsum, Germany), and formic acid from Merck (Darmstadt,
Germany). Potassium chloride, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and
calcium chloride were bought from Roth (Karlsruhe, Germany). Sodium
hydrogen carbonate, magnesia chloride hexahydrate, and ammonium carbonate
were acquired from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Ultrapure water (ELGA
PurLab flex, Veolia Waters, Celle, Germany) was used throughout the
experiments.

Kaeswurm J.A., Burandt M.R., Mayer P.S., Straub L.V, & Buchweitz M. (2022). Bioaccessibility of Apple Polyphenols from Peel and Flesh during Oral Digestion. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 70(14), 4407-4417.

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Comprehensive Materials for Membrane Protein Experiments

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Potassium chloride (>99.5%), sodium chloride
(>99.5%), magnesium chloride (anhydrous, >98.5%), imidazole
(>99%),
LB medium, 2YT medium, dodecyl-β-d-maltosid (DDM, >99%),
1,4-dithiothreit (DTT), d(+)-glucose, Tris (Pufferan, >99.9%),
and lysozyme (albumin-free) were purchased from Carl Roth. Citric
Aacid (anhydrous, 99.6%) was purchased from Acros Organics. Bis-tris
propane (>99%), pentane (>99%), n-hexadecane
(>99%),
and iodoacetamide (IAA) were purchased from Sigma. Ampicillin sodium
salt, isopropyl-β-d-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG), and
trypsin (from porcine pancreas) were obtained from Thermo Fisher Scientific.
1,2-Diphytanol-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPhPC)
was obtained from Avanti Lipids. Synthetic lysozyme peptides (Lys1,
Lys2, Lys3, Lys4, Lys5, Lys6, Lys7, Lys8, and Lys9) were synthesized
by GenScript.

Versloot R.C., Straathof S.A., Stouwie G., Tadema M.J, & Maglia G. (2022). β-Barrel Nanopores with an Acidic–Aromatic Sensing Region Identify Proteinogenic Peptides at Low pH. ACS Nano, 16(5), 7258-7268.

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Antibacterial Cellulose Paper Testing

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Norfloxacin, 95%, was purchased from abcr GmbH (Karlsruhe, Germany). Commercially available, cellulose-based paper (Soft & Sicher, dm-drogerie markt GmbH + Co. KG, Karlsruhe, Germany) was utilised as the paper matrix. Sucrose, peptone, beef extract, sodium chloride and potassium chloride were acquired from Carl Roth GmbH + Co. KG (Karlsruhe, Germany). Agar was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Pty Ltd. (Darmstadt, Germany). Magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, magnesium chloride hexahydrate, calcium chloride dihydrate, sodium hydrogen carbonate, di-potassium hydrogen phosphate and di-sodium hydrogen phosphate were acquired from VWR International GmbH (Darmstadt, Germany). Aliivibrio fischeri (A. fischeri) bacterial strain (ATCC 7744/ NCMB 1281) was obtained from Dr. G. Schuchardt^® (Göttingen, Germany). Purified water was freshly obtained from a PURELAB Flex 2 (ELGA LabWater, Veolia Water Technologies GmbH, Celle, Germany).

Abdelkader A., Nallbati L, & Keck C.M. (2023). Improving the Bioactivity of Norfloxacin with Tablets Made from Paper. Pharmaceutics, 15(2), 375.

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HPTLC Lipid Profiling Protocol

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Analytical grade organic solvents used in this study along with HPTLC chromatography plates (20 × 10 and 10 × 10 cm silica gel 60 F₂₅₄ glass plates) were obtained from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Copper sulfate heptahydrate, potassium chloride, orthophosphoric acid (85%, w/w), and sulfuric acid (96% w/w) were obtained from CarlRoth (Karlsruhe, Germany). Lipid standards, namely, phosphatidylcholine (PC 15:0–18:1), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE 15:0–18:1), phosphatidylinositol (PI 18:1–18:1), phosphatidylserine (PS 18:1–18:1), phosphatidylglycerol (PG 16:0–18:1), diacylglyceryl trimethyl-homoserin (DGTS 16:0–16:0), monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG 18:1–18:1), digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG 18:3–18:3 as main species), sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol (SQDG 18:3–16:0 as main species), eicosapentaenoic acid as a free fatty acid (FA), triolein as a triacylglycerol (TAG), di-oleic acid as a diacylglycerol (DAG), and monooleic acid as a monoacylglycerol (MAG), were purchased from Merck. The lipid standards were dissolved in n-hexane (p.a. ≥ 99%) and sonicated for 30 s. Stock solutions were prepared at a concentration of 1 mg mL⁻¹ and aliquoted into 1.5-mL vials under a nitrogen stream, sealed, and stored at − 85 °C until analysis.

Makay K., Griehl C, & Grewe C. (2024). Development of a high-performance thin-layer chromatography-based method for targeted glycerolipidome profiling of microalgae. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 416(5), 1149-1164.

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Characterization of Biological Reagents

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Sodium hydroxide, potassium chloride, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, magnesium chloride hexahydrate, calcium chloride dihydrate, albumin, hydrochloric acid, dichloromethane, acetic acid and acetic acid ethyl ester were purchased from Carl Roth GmbH & CO., Karlsruhe, Germany. Sodium chloride, urea, uric acid, potassium thiocyanate, pancreatin from porcine pancreas, pepsin from porcine gastric mucosa, α-amylase from Aspergillus oryzae, sodium sulfate, sodium hydrogen carbonate, mucin, lipase from porcine pancreas, D-glucose, bile bovine, ammonium chloride, Amano lipase A from Aspergillus niger, α-tocopherol, γ-tocopherol and δ-tocopherol were obtained from Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA. Acetonitrile (LC-MS grade) and methanol (LC-MS grade) were acquired from Avantor/VWR International Inc. (Radnor, PA, USA). Chloroform D + 0.03% TMS was purchased from Eurisotop, Cambridge Isotope Laboratory Inc., Andover, USA. β-tocotrienol was acquired from Biomol GmbH, Hamburg, Germany. Sodium Dihydrogen Orthophosphate Dihydrate was obtained from Fisher Chemical Co., Fair lawn, NJ, USA and rac-Tocol was purchased from Abcam.

Alberdi-Cedeño J., Aichner M., Mistlberger-Reiner A., Shi A, & Pignitter M. (2023). Effect of Encapsulation Material on Lipid Bioaccessibility and Oxidation during In Vitro Digestion of Black Seed Oil. Antioxidants, 12(1), 191.

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Propranolol Metabolite Synthesis and Analysis

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Tris buffer, potassium chloride, glycerol and Triton X-100 were sourced from Carl Roth GmbH & Co. KG (Karlsruhe, Germany); UDPGA, (±)-propranolol, (R)-propranolol, and (±)-4-hydroxypropranolol were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Taufkirchen, Germany); (±)-5-hydroxypropranolol was purchased from Cayman Chemical Company (Ann Arbor, MI, USA); the NADPH regeneration system was sourced from Promega Corporation (Madison, WI, USA); and 4-methoxypropranolol was synthesized in-house as described previously [30 (link),31 (link),32 (link)]. Ammonium hydrogen carbonate was purchased from VWR International GmbH (Darmstadt, Germany); and phosphate buffered saline (PBS, pH 7.4) was purchased from VWR Chemicals LLC (Solon, OH, USA).

Yang F., Sharma S.S., Bureik M, & Parr M.K. (2023). Mutual Modulation of the Activities of Human CYP2D6 and Four UGTs during the Metabolism of Propranolol. Current Issues in Molecular Biology, 45(9), 7130-7146.

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