Dmem without phenol red

Manufactured by Merck Group

Sourced in United States, Germany

DMEM without phenol red is a cell culture medium formulation developed by Merck Group. It is a basal medium designed to support the growth and maintenance of various cell lines in vitro. The key function of this product is to provide a balanced salt solution, essential nutrients, and a pH indicator system for optimal cell culture conditions, without the inclusion of phenol red dye.

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Lab products found in correlation

L glutamine solution, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Fetal bovine serum (fbs), by Merck Group (2 mentions) Fluoro carbonyl cyanide phenylhydrazone (fccp), by Abcam (2 mentions) Hanks balanced salt solution (hbss), by Merck Group (2 mentions) Hank s balanced salt solution hbss with mg2 and ca2, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions) White 96 well luminometer plate, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions) Horseradish peroxidase hrp type 4, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Victor nivo, by PerkinElmer (2 mentions) Victor v3, by PerkinElmer (2 mentions) Dmem without phenol red, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions) L glutamine, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Phosphate buffered saline (pbs), by Merck Group (2 mentions) Penicillin, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions) Dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso), by Merck Group (1 mentions) Penicillin streptomycin, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Mtt assay kit, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Victor3 microplate reader, by PerkinElmer (1 mentions) Caspase 3 7 green detection reagent, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) Dulbecco s phosphate buffered saline dpbs, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Dulbeco s modified eagle medium dmem, by Merck Group (1 mentions)

Spelling variants of this product

Phenol red (423 citations) Phenol (410 citations) DMEM (with and without phenol red) (3 citations) DMEM/F12 without phenol red (3 citations) DMEM-high glucose medium without phenol red (2 citations) DMEM high glucose without Phenol red (2 citations) Dulbecco’s Modification of Eagle’s Medium high glucose (DMEM without phenol red) (2 citations)

25 protocols using dmem without phenol red

Sonosensitizer-Mediated Sonodynamic Therapy

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Cells were randomly divided into four treatment groups: control, sonosensitizer exposure, ultrasound exposure, and SDT (ultrasound exposure plus sonosensitizer exposure). Upon reaching 70 % confluence, cells were washed with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS; Nacalai tesque, Nakagyo, Kyoto, Japan) and collected using 0.05 % trypsin with 0.53 mM ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. Approximately 3.0×10 5 cells/well were dispersed into the wells of each plate and subsequently incubated for 24 hours.
ALA and TS were stored at 4 ℃ in the dark, and dissolved in DMEM without phenol-red (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) to a final concentration of 200 and 30 μg/mL respectively. PpIX was dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (Sigma-Aldrich, St.
Louis, MO, USA) at a concentration of 0.005 g/mL and subsequently stored at -20 ℃ in the dark, and also dissolved in DMEM without phenol-red to a final concentration of 1.0 μg/mL. For the sonosensitizer and the SDT groups, the culture medium was replaced with an equivalent volume of sonosensitizer solution and incubated thereafter for 4 hours. For the other groups, the culture medium was replaced with fresh DMEM without sonosensitizer solution and phenol-red and subsequently incubated.
Consecutively each well in the ultrasound and the SDT groups was subjected to ultrasound treatment at 1.0 MHz and 0.16 W/cm 2 for 60 seconds respectively.

Endo S., Kudo N., Yamaguchi S., Sumiyoshi K., Motegi H., Kobayashi H., Terasaka S, & Houkin K. (2015). Porphyrin derivatives-mediated sonodynamic therapy for malignant gliomas in vitro. Ultrasound in medicine & biology, 41(9).

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Probiotic Strains Characterization

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B. longum novaBLG2 (DSM 34339), B. bifidum novaBBF7 (DSM 34336) and L. paracasei TJB8 (DSM 33129) donated by Probionova (Lugano, Switzerland) were prepared at the moment. Before performing each stimulation, a different pack of the product was reconstituted by mixing probiotics with DMEM without red phenol (Merck Life Science, Rome, Italy), supplemented with 0% FBS, 50 IU/mL penicillin–streptomycin (Merck Life Science, Rome, Italy) and 2 mM L-glutamine solution (Merck Life Science, Rome, Italy). For each test, performed in triplicate, the samples were diluted in culture medium before being used to reach a final concentration of 0.5 × 10⁹ CFU/mL probiotics, which correspond to 5 mg/mL for B. longum novaBLG2, 3 × 10⁹ CFU/mL probiotics, which correspond to 10 mg/mL for L. paracasei TJB8, and 1 × 10⁹ CFU/mL probiotics, which correspond to 10 mg/mL for B. bifidum novaBBF7.

Ferrari S., Galla R., Mulè S., Rosso G., Brovero A., Macchi V., Ruga S, & Uberti F. (2023). The Role of Bifidobacterium bifidum novaBBF7, Bifidobacterium longum novaBLG2 and Lactobacillus paracasei TJB8 to Improve Mechanisms Linked to Neuronal Cells Protection against Oxidative Condition in a Gut-Brain Axis Model. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24(15), 12281.

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Probiotic Strains for Cognitive and Mood Enhancement

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Bifidobacterium longum novaBLG2 (DSM 34339) (named B. longum novaBLG2), Bifidobacterium bifidum novaBBF7 (DSM 34336) (named B. bifidum novaBBF7), and Lacticaseibacillus paracasei TJB8 (DSM 33129) (named L. paracasei TJB8) donated by Probionova SA (Lugano, Switzerland) were prepared at the moment of use. In particular, before performing each stimulation, a different pack of the product was used by reconstituting and mixing probiotics into DMEM without red phenol (Merck Life Science, Rome, Italy), supplemented with 0% FBS and 2 mM L-glutamine solution (Merck Life Science, Rome, Italy). For each set of experiments, the samples were diluted in a culture medium immediately before use to reach the desired final concentration. Different concentrations of the individual agents were tested in a dose–response study. These in vitro concentrations are equivalent to a probiotic daily consumption ranging from 0.5 to 3.0 × 10⁹ CFU. The most effective dose identified for each strain was evaluated in subsequent experiments for both the individuals and their combination. The dosages tested are the same as those used in a previous study to explore the ability of the same strains to modulate cognitive decline. This choice depends on the several findings reported in the literature about the role of the same probiotics in ameliorating both cognitive decline and mood disorders.

Ferrari S., Mulè S., Rosso G., Parini F., Galla R., Molinari C, & Uberti F. (2024). An Innovative Probiotic-Based Supplement to Mitigate Molecular Factors Connected to Depression and Anxiety: An In Vitro Study. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 25(9), 4774.

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Cytotoxicity of 5-Fluorouracil on HT-29 Cells

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Exponentially growing HT-29 cells were seeded at a density of 5 × 10³ cells per well in 96-well plates in 200 μl of fresh culture medium containing DMEM without phenol red (Sigma-Aldrich) supplemented with 10% FBS. After a 24-h incubation at 37 °C in 5% CO₂, 5FU (4 μg ml⁻¹) was added to the culture medium. Cells were incubated at 37 °C for the next 24 h. Then, cell growth was determined with a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay kit (Sigma-Aldrich). Briefly, 10 μl of MTT (5 mg ml⁻¹) was added to each well, and then the cells were incubated for an additional 4 h at 37 °C. Next, the culture fluid was removed and MTT formazan crystals were dissolved in acidified isopropanol. Finally, the absorbance was measured spectrophotometrically with a microplate reader at a wavelength of 570 nm, and background absorbance was measured at 690 nm and subtracted. All experiments were independently performed three times and each experiment contained triplicates.

Wang X., Zuo D., Chen Y., Li W., Liu R., He Y., Ren L., Zhou L., Deng T., Wang X., Ying G, & Ba Y. (2014). Shed Syndecan-1 is involved in chemotherapy resistance via the EGFR pathway in colorectal cancer. British Journal of Cancer, 111(10), 1965-1976.

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Piezoelectric Stimulation Enhances MSC Proliferation

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The influence of piezoelectric stimulation on MSCs proliferation was assessed by analysing cell metabolic activity on days 2, 7, 14 and 21 under static (no applied stimuli) and dynamic (cell culture under magnetic stimulation) conditions. An alternating magnetic field (0–230 Oe) was provided using a homemade magnetic bioreactor placed inside the incubator, applying a 0.3 Hz frequency and a 10 mm magnet displacement under the 48-well plate [61 (link)]. The stimulation program was divided into an active period of 16 h based on 5 min of magnetic stimulation and 25 min of resting time, followed by a non-active period of 8 h when no magnetic stimulation was applied [22 (link),62 (link)]. A diagram of the magnetic stimulation program can be found in Scheme 1.
At different time points, hydrogels were transferred to a new culture plate. The basal medium was replaced for DMEM without phenol red (Sigma-Aldrich) containing the tetrazolium salt MTS (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium) (Biovision) at a working dilution of 1:10. Hydrogels were incubated for 1 h at 37 °C. After that, the supernatant was transferred to a new plate and absorbance at 490 nm was read with a Victor3 microplate reader (PerkinElmer). Gelatin hydrogels without microspheres stimulated (S) and non-stimulated (NS) were used as controls.

Guillot-Ferriols M., García-Briega M.I., Tolosa L., Costa C.M., Lanceros-Méndez S., Gómez Ribelles J.L, & Gallego Ferrer G. (2022). Magnetically Activated Piezoelectric 3D Platform Based on Poly(Vinylidene) Fluoride Microspheres for Osteogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Gels, 8(10), 680.

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Apoptosis Induction in Cancer Cells

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Apo-B-α-LA was procured from Sigma Aldrich Chem. Co., and used in all the experiments without further purification. The lanthanum perchlorate salt was prepared starting from lanthanum oxides followed by treating the reaction mixture with perchloric acid and recrystallizing the product. A 10 mM Tris-HCl buffer at pH 7.4 was used for all the experiments unless otherwise mentioned.
Both the healthy and the cancer cells used in the present study were obtained from National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, India. Dulbeco’s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) and DMEM without phenol red, Dulbecco’s Phosphate Buffered Saline (DPBS), Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS) and coverslips for fluorescence microscopy were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, USA. Caspase 3/7 green detection reagent was procured from Thermo Fischer scientific.

Yarramala D.S., Prakash P., Ranade D.S., Doshi S., Kulkarni P.P., Bhaumik P, & Rao C.P. (2019). Cytotoxicity of apo bovine α-lactalbumin complexed with La3+ on cancer cells supported by its high resolution crystal structure. Scientific Reports, 9, 1780.

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FCCP-Induced Mitochondrial Uncoupling in Cardiac Cells

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A potent mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation uncoupler—cyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone (FCCP, Abcam) was used in the experiments. First, a stock solution of 20 mM FCCP in DMSO was prepared. Finally, 10 µM of the FCCP solution in a culture medium was used in the tests. The used culture medium was the same as for the routine culture of H9C2 and HCM cells, the difference being that DMEM without phenol red (Sigma-Aldrich) was used as a medium base. The solution of FCCP was introduced into the microsystem with the cultured cardiac cells (a flow rate of 2 µL/min for 15 min) through inlet 4. Then, the cells with FCCP were incubated at 37 °C and 5% CO₂ for 30 min. At the same time, a fresh medium was introduced through inlets 3 and 5. Furthermore, 24 h later, a fresh medium and 2.5 × 10⁵ cells/mL of MSC cells were introduced through inlets 1 and 2, respectively. Finally, the microsystem was placed in an incubator for the next 24 h.

Kobuszewska A., Kolodziejek D., Wojasinski M., Ciach T., Brzozka Z, & Jastrzebska E. (2021). Study of Stem Cells Influence on Cardiac Cells Cultured with a Cyanide-P-Trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone in Organ-on-a-Chip System. Biosensors, 11(5), 131.

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Optimized Cardiac Cell Culture Under Hypoxia

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H9C2 or HCM cell suspensions (density of 10⁴ cells per well) were seeded in 96-well plates and allowed to attach overnight. Potent mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation uncoupler—carbonyl cyanide-4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenylhydrazone (FCCP) (Abcam) was used to optimize cardiac cell culture under hypoxia conditions in macroscale. 24 h after seeding, FCCP was added to cell culture for a final concentration of 10–75 µM and incubated in 37 °C and 5% CO₂ for 30, 60, 90 and 120 min. For tests with H9C2 cells, FCCP solutions were prepared in DMEM without phenol red (Sigma-Aldrich) supplemented with 10% v/v FBS, 1% v/v 100 mM penicillin–streptomycin and 1% v/v 25 mM l-glutamine. While for tests with HCM cells, FCCP solutions were prepared in DMEM without phenol red supplemented with 10% v/v FBS, 1% v/v 100 mM penicillin–streptomycin and 1% v/v 25 mM l-glutamine, 1% v/v 100 mM sodium pyruvate, 0.01% v/v cardiac myocyte growth supplement and 0.01% v/v MEM non-essential amino acids.

Kobuszewska A., Jastrzębska E., Żukowski K, & Brzózka Z. (2020). Simulation of hypoxia of myocardial cells in microfluidic systems. Scientific Reports, 10, 15524.

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Monitoring Intracellular and Extracellular ROS in Immune Cells

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Intra- and extracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation was monitored at an MOI of 5:1 using a luminol-dependent chemiluminescence assay as described earlier (Frohner et al., 2009 (link)). Briefly, 4 × 10⁴ BMDMs or neutrophils were suspended in DMEM without phenol red (Sigma-Aldrich) or Hank’s balanced salt solution (HBSS; with Mg²⁺ and Ca²⁺; GIBCO) in a well of a white 96-well luminometer plate (Nunc) and mixed with 50 μL HBSS containing 200 μM luminol (intra- and extracellular ROS) or 600 μM isoluminol (extracellular ROS) and 16 U horseradish peroxidase (HRP) type IV (all Sigma-Aldrich). Immediately afterward, 50 μL HBSS containing the indicated C. albicans strains, heat-killed C. albicans, 75 μg Zymosan or 1 μg TDB were added. Chemiluminescence was monitored on a Victor V3 or a Victor Nivo microplate reader (both PerkinElmer). As controls, BMDMs or neutrophils without stimulation and C. albicans alone were included. The detected relative luciferase units (RLU) are expressed as RLU per min per 1000 immune cells or as total RLU after the indicated time.

Jenull S., Mair T., Tscherner M., Penninger P., Zwolanek F., Silao F.G., de San Vicente K.M., Riedelberger M., Bandari N.C., Shivarathri R., Petryshyn A., Chauhan N., Zacchi L.F., LeibundGut -Landmann S., Ljungdahl P.O, & Kuchler K. (2021). The histone chaperone HIR maintains chromatin states to control nitrogen assimilation and fungal virulence. Cell reports, 36(3), 109406.

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ApoA-I Protein Effects on Cell Viability

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HepG2 and H9c2 cells were seeded in 96-well plates at 3000 cells/well while HaCaT and NRK-52E cells at a density of 2000 cells/well. After 24 h incubation at 37 °C, cells were treated with each ApoA-I protein, either in the lipid-free (at 0.5, 1 or 2 μM) or lipid bound form (2 μM), for 24, 48 and 72 h. At the end of the incubation, a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was performed for the assessment of cell viability. MTT reagent (Sigma-Aldrich, Burlington, MA, USA) was solubilized in DMEM without phenol red (Sigma-Aldrich) and added to the cells to a final concentration of 0.5 mg/mL. Following a 4 h incubation at 37 °C, the culture medium was removed and the resulting formazan salts dissolved with 0.1 N HCl in isopropanol. Absorbance values were measured at 570 nm using an automatic multiplate reader (Thermo Scientific-Multiskan Go). Cell survival was expressed as the percentage of viable cells in the presence of the protein under test with respect to control cells grown in the absence of the protein.

Del Giudice R., Lindvall M., Nilsson O., Monti D.M, & Lagerstedt J.O. (2022). The Apparent Organ-Specificity of Amyloidogenic ApoA-I Variants Is Linked to Tissue-Specific Extracellular Matrix Components. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24(1), 318.

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