Hplc grade water

HPLC-grade water, LC-MS-grade methanol (99.9%), formic acid (88%), ethyl acetate, hydrochloric acid (12N) 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid (Trolox) (98%), and 2,2-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) (98%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Darmstadt, Germany). Standards of cyanidin (95%), and cyanidin-3-O-arabinoside (97%), cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (95%), and cyanidin-3-O-galactoside, pelargonidin-3-O-glucoside (90%) were acquired from Polyphenols Laboratories AS (Sandnes, Norway). Commercially available berry jams made of blueberry, blackberry-blackcurrant mixture, blackcurrant, cranberry, and raspberry were bought from a supermarket in Vienna, Austria. The ingredients listed on the label of the jams are shown in Table 1. All the jams, except the blackcurrant jam, contained 50 g fruits and additional sugar, citric acid, and pectin for 100 g jam. Blackcurrant jam contained 40 g blackcurrant fruits and no pectin in the preparation of 100 g jam. All used berries were obtained from organic agriculture.

NTX-HCl was obtained from Mallinckrodt Pharmaceuticals (Webster Groves, MO, USA). P407 was obtained from Anatrace (Maumee, OH, USA). HEPES and sodium bicarbonate were obtained from Research Products International (Mt. Prospect, IL, USA). Sodium hydroxide (1N), o-phosphoric acid, and methanol Optima^® were obtained from Fisher Chemical (Lenexa, KS, USA). Octanesulfonate sodium, Hank’s balanced salts, HPLC grade water, and HPLC grade acetonitrile were obtained from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Snakeskin^® cellulose acetate membrane (10,000 MWCO) was obtained from Thermo Scientific (Rockford, IL, USA). Solid stainless steel microneedle arrays of 600 μm or 750 μm length (200 μm width, 75 μm thickness, 1.3 mm inter-needle spacing for both) consisting of 50 projections bent 90° out of plane were purchased from Tech Etch (Plymouth, MA, USA).

Synthetic native human oxyntomodulin (His-Ser-Gln-Gly-Thr-Phe-Thr-Ser-Asp-Tyr-Ser-Lys-Tyr-Leu-Asp-Ser-Arg-Arg-Ala-Gln-Asp-Phe-Val-Gln-Trp-Leu-Met-Asn-Thr-Lys-Arg-Asn-Arg-Asn-Asn-Ile-Ala, acetate salt, MW = 4449.9 g mol⁻¹) (≥95% purity) was purchased from Bachem (Switzerland). HPLC grade water (resistivity >18 MΩ cm), PBS (pH 7.4), sodium dodecyl sulfate and human collagen (Bornstein and Traub type I, recombinant, expressed in Nicotiana) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (UK). Sterile saline (0.9% (w/v) sodium chloride solution) (Baxter) and sterile water for injection BP (Fresenius Kabi) were purchased from VWR (UK). Millex syringe filters (pore size = 0.22 µm), Ultrafree-MC centrifugal filter devices with yellow Durapore membranes (pore size = 0.22 µm) and Millipore Amicon Ultra-0.5 50 K centrifugal filter devices were obtained from Fisher Scientific (UK). Hellmanex III was obtained from Hellma Analytics (Germany). Clear glass vials were obtained from MedImmune Nijmegen manufacturing facility (The Netherlands).

For the MSW, paper waste materials were prepared as in [9 (link)], consisting of 15% glossy paper, 25% non-glossy paper, 32% non-glossy cardboard, and 28% glossy cardboard using a process developed by Idaho National Laboratory (INL). It is recognized that this material is not representative of real MSW streams and that there may be contaminants present that will impact pretreatment effectiveness. However, the goal of this study was to examine the effectiveness of the IL systems in this study on the types of paper that would be found in MSW. Destiladora Rubio, a tequila plant from Jalisco, Mexico, donated the AGB. The AGB was milled with a Thomas-Wiley Mini Mill fitted with a 40-mesh screen (Model 3383-L10 Arthur H. Thomas Co., Philadelphia, PA, USA). Both ground biomass samples were stored at 4 °C in a sealed plastic bag prior to their use. The 1:1 blend was prepared by mixing both MSW and AGB in the pretreatment reactor just before the heating process begins. 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate [C₂C₁Im][OAc] and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate [C₄C₁Im][OAc], citric acid, ethanol, glucose, xylose, sulfuric acid, and HPLC grade water were purchased from Sigma–Aldrich.

Metabolite separation was performed as previously described [28 (link)], by hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) using the Ultimate 3000 Rapid Resolution HPLC system (Dionex, Sunnyvale, CA), featuring a binary pump and vacuum degasser, well-plate autosampler with a six-port micro-switching valve, and a thermostated column compartment. A Phenomenex Luna 3 μm HILIC 200 A (150 × 2.0 mm) column, protected by a HILIC 4 × 2.0 mm ID guard column (Phenomenex, Torrance, CA), was used to perform metabolite separation over a phase B-to-phase A gradient lasting 35 min. For the HILIC separation, mobile phase “A” consisted in 50 mM ammonium acetate mixed with Acetonitrile (95:5, v/v), while eluent “B” was composed of a mixture of 50 mM ammonium acetate:water plus Acetonitrile (95:5, v/v). Acetonitrile, formic acid, and HPLC-grade water were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO).

M199, Fungizone, penicillin, streptomycin and L-glutamine were purchased from Gibco by Life Technologies (Saint Aubin, France). Methanol, HPLC-grade acetonitrile, HPLC-grade water, formic acid, DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl), Trolox (6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid) and cyanidin 3-O-rutinoside and kanamycin were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Cyanidin 3-O-glucoside was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Saint Quentin Fallavier, France). Carboxy-H₂DCFDA was purchased from Invitrogen (Eugene, Oregon, USA). Lyophilized açaí fruit (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) was obtained from Liotécnica Alimentos LTDA (Embu, SP, Brazil).

Ethanol, mEthanol, acetonitrile, 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHB), 4-hydoxy-cyanocinnamic acid (CHCA), 9-aminoacridine (9-AA), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) sodium salt, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, phosphoric acid, and HPLC-grade water were procured from Sigma-Aldrich (Shanghai, China). The standards of analyte were also provided by Sigma-Aldrich (Shanghai, China). All reagents, solvents, and standards used in the present study were of analytical grade.