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13 protocols using igfbp2

1

Evaluating IGFBP2 Effects on Multiple Myeloma Cell Growth

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The BM-dependent MM cell lines, M, D and I were established in our laboratory as previously described (Li et al, 2007 (link)). To study the effects of IGFBP2 on MM cell growth, the three luciferase-expressing BM-dependent MM cell lines were cultured in serum-free αMEM for 48 h in the presence of IGF1 (40 ng/ml) and/or IGFBP2 (5 μg/ml) (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA). After 48 h, D-Luciferin K+ Salt Bioluminescent Substrate (PerkinElmer, American Fork, UT, USA) was added to each well (1.5 mg/ml), and the bioluminescence was measured at 175 nm with a Synergy H1 hybrid reader (BioTek, Winooski, VT, USA) as described (Li et al, 2007 (link)).
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2

Western Blot Analysis of Protein Targets

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Cell lysates were prepared in TXLB lysis buffer [50 mM Hepes, 1% Triton X-100, 0.5% sodium deoxycholate, 0.1% SDS, 0.5 mM EDTA, 50 mM NaF, 10 mM Na3VO4, and protease inhibitor cocktail (cOmplete Mini, EDTA-free, Roche)], and volumes were adjusted according to protein concentration measurements (DC protein assay kit, Bio-Rad, 5000111). Separation was performed by gel electrophoresis (Mini-PROTEAN TGX Precast Gels 4-20%, Bio-Rad, 4561096), before transferring onto a nitrocellulose membrane (Trans-Blot Turbo Transfer System, Bio-Rad) and blocking with AdvanBlock-Fluor (Advansta, R-03729-E10). Primary antibodies in AdvanBlock-Fluor were incubated overnight at 4°C; IGFBP2 (R&D Systems, AF674), IGF-II (Millipore, 05-166-MI), GAPDH (Hytest, 5G4MAB6C5), and GFP (Thermo Fisher Scientific, A11122). Membranes were washed between primary and secondary antibody treatments with Tris-buffered saline with 0.1% Tween 20 (TBST). IRDye secondary antibodies (1:5000 diluted in TBST; LI-COR) were incubated for at least 1 hour at RT, before detection on an Odyssey fluorescence imager CLx (LI-COR). Densitometry analysis was performed in FIJI (NIH) by normalizing the signal to GAPDH, which was used as a loading control.
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3

Quantification of IGF and IGFBP biomarkers

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ELISA kits for Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF1, #ab211651, intra-assay coefficient of variation (CV) 2.3%) and Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3 (IGFBP3, #ab211652, intra-assay CV 3.1%) were purchased from Abcam (Cambridge, MA), and ELISA kit for Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 2 (IGFBP2, #DGB200, intra-assay CV 5%) was from R&D Systems (Minneapolis, MN), and ELISA kit for Anti-mullerian hormone (AMH, #AL-124, intra-assay CV 3.7%) was purchased from AnshLabs (Webster, TX). The plasma samples from each time point of selected subjects were diluted with dilution factors of 1:80, 1:100, and 1:2000 for IGF1, IGFBP2, and IGFBP3 detection, respectively; and for AMH measurement, dilution factors of 1:10 and 1:500 were used for samples from females and males, respectively. All ELISA measurements were conducted according to manufacturer’s protocol. Duplicated wells were used to average the absorbance values and the concentration of target proteins in the plasma were calculated based on the calibration curve (R2 = 0.9848, 0.9999, 0.9936 and 0.9971 for IGF1, IGFBP2, IGFBP3, and AMH, respectively.) and dilution factor after subtraction of background.
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4

Expansion of Cryopreserved UCB Cells

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Cryopreserved UCB mononuclear cells (4 × 105cells/ml) were suspended in serum-free Stemspan® medium (Stemcell technologies, vancouver, BC, Canada) supplied with a standard cytokine combination of 100 ng/ml SCF, 50 ng/ml FL and 100 ng/ml TPO (all three cytokines purchased from Peprotech, Rocky Hill, NJ, USA) and with individually varied doses and combinations of IGFBP1, IGFBP2, IGF2 and ANGPTL3 (these four cytokines purchased from R&D Systems, Minnneapolis, MN, USA). The cells were inoculated on a passage 3 to 5 BM-derived mesenchymal stromal cell layer and cultured in 37°C incubator for 12 days. The expanded cells were harvested at the end of 12 days and the adherent cord blood cells were detached after 1 minute of incubation at room temperature with 0.25% trypsin–ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid.
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5

In vitro HSC Expansion and Differentiation

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HSCs were cultured under ‘expansion' conditions in U-bottom 96-well plates for 5 days. Cultures were maintained in Stemline II (Sigma) supplemented with 10 μg ml−1 Heparin (Sigma), 100 ng ml−1 SCF (R&D Systems), 2 ng ml−1 Flt3 ligand (R&D), 20 ng ml−1 TPO (R&D Systems), 10 ng ml−1 FGF-1 (Invitrogen), 500 ng ml−1 IGFBP2 (R&D Systems) and 100 ng ml−1 AngL-3 (R&D Systems)31 (link). At the end of the culture period, cells were stained with TMRM and analysed or sorted by flow cytometry. To induce differentiation, HSCs were cultured in a basal medium (Stemline II containing 100 ng ml−1 SCF and 2 ng ml−1 Flt3 ligand) supplemented with 20 ng ml−1 IL-3 (R&D Systems) and 100 ng ml−1 IL-6 (R&D Systems). For some experiments, 5 μM carbonyl cyanide 4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenylhydrazone (FCCP) (Sigma) was added at the medium. FCCP stock solution was prepared by dissolving the powder in ethanol at 10 mM concentration.
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6

Purification and Transduction of Human Fetal CD34+ Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells

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Human CD34+ HSCPs were purified from fetal livers as previously described17 (link). Briefly, tissue was dissected into 5mm3 pieces in digestion buffer containing DNase I and collagenase D, incubated at 37°C for 30 minutes and homogenized. Following top layering with Ficoll-Paque (GE Healthcare) interphase containing immune cells and CD34+ HSPCs was collected and washed with PBS. EasySep human CD34 positive selection kit (StemCell Technologies) was then used to purify CD34+ HSPCs. For viral transduction, lentivirus was produced by transient transfection of 293 cells with plasmids encoding VSVG, delta8.9 and pGL3-derived lentivirus plasmids encoding GFP or GFP and NPM1c. HSPCs were propagated in Stem Span media supplemented with Angiopoietin-like 5 (Angptl5, Abnova), human stem cell factor (SCF), human fibroblast growth factor (FGF, Invitrogen), insulin-like growth factor binding protein 2 (IGFBP2, R&D systems), heparin (Sigma) and thrombopoietin (R&D systems). Cytokines were reconstituted in PBS + 0.1% BSA. The use of human tissue in this study was approved by Institutional Review Board (IRB) at Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
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7

Adipose-Derived Stem Cell Differentiation

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PV-ADSCs were seeded on gelatin-coated flasks and differentiated with medium (α-MEM with 10% FBS and 5 ng/mL TGF-β1 [R&D systems]) for indicated time. Leptin (Peprotech, 450-31) or IGFBP-2 (R&D Systems, 797-B2-025) at indicated concentrations were used to manipulate differentiation.
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8

In Vivo Signaling Pathway Modulation

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EdU (Sigma, 1 mg) was intraperitoneally injected into mice twice at 12 h intervals at 1 day before sacrifice. DMSO, PP2 (Millipore, 1 mM), NBI31772 (TOCRIS, 0.3 mM) and WAY 316606 hydrochloride (TOCRIS, 2 mM) in 100 μl were intradermally injected into mice twice a day for 4 days. IWP-2 (Sigma, 133.33 μM), Sfrp1 (R&D Systems, 20 μg/ml) and Igfbp2 (R&D Systems, 5 μg/ml) in 100 μl were intradermally injected into mice once a day for 4 days. LY364947 (Wako, 1.84 mM) in 100 μl was intradermally injected into mice once a day for 6 days.
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9

Immunocytochemistry of Cell Cultures

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For cell culture experiments, cells were grown on sterile, gelatin-coated glass cover slips and were fixed at 24 h after the first passage with 4% paraformaldehyde for 20 min at room temperature. Cells were permeabilized and background blocked with 0.3% Triton X-100 + 10% NGS in PBS for 45 min at room temperature. Primary antibodies were diluted in 1% NGS + 0.3% Triton X-100 + 1% BSA in PBS and incubated on slides overnight at 4°C. The primary antibodies and dilutions used were as follows: LAMP-1 (1:1000, Cat# 14–1071-82, Invitrogen, CA, USA), MCP-1 (1:500, Cat# MA5–17040, Invitrogen), IGF-1 (1:250, Cat# PAJ-27207, Invitrogen), and IGFBP-2 (1:250, Cat# MAB797, R&D Systems, NE, USA). Slides were incubated with appropriate secondary antibodies at a 1:300 dilution (AlexaFluors, Thermo Fisher Scientific). Samples stained for actin were incubated with ActinGreen 488 Ready Probe (Cat# R37110, Invitrogen). Slides were mounted with mounting medium containing DAPI nuclear counterstain (Cat# S36938, Thermo Fisher Scientific). Slides with secondary but no primary antibodies were used as negative background controls.
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10

Isolation and Culture of Bone Marrow Cells

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To harvest bone marrow cells, femurs and tibiae from WT BL6 mice were flushed under sterile conditions. Cells were filtered through a 40 μm mesh and cultured in Teflon bags (PermaLife PL-30) for 6 d in DMEM supplemented with 5% FBS, or 5% serum derived from either LF/HF mice or lean/obese humans. Recombinant proteins (CCL25, CD40L, GM-CSF, IGFBP2, IL5, IL6, MMP3, MMP9, 100 ng ml−1 for all; R&D Systems) or neutralization antibodies (IgG versus anti-GM-CSF, 0.1 μg ml−1) were added as indicated. Treatment media were changed every other day. After 6 d, flow cytometry was performed using antibodies against murine CD45, CD11b and Gr1 (see Supplementary Table 3).
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