Paraffin microtome

Manufactured by Leica

Sourced in Germany, Switzerland

The Paraffin Microtome is a precision instrument used for slicing thin sections of paraffin-embedded tissue samples. It is designed to produce uniform, high-quality tissue sections for various applications in histology, pathology, and research.

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Lab products found in correlation

Hematoxylin, by Beyotime (2 mentions) Modified safranine o fast green fcf cartilage stain kit, by Solarbio (2 mentions) Dm2500, by Leica (1 mentions) A11055, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) P6148, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Sp 9001, by ZSGB-BIO (1 mentions) Z0622, by Agilent Technologies (1 mentions) Lsm 780 confocal microscope, by Zeiss (1 mentions) A4503, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Ki67 antibody, by Abcam (1 mentions) Bx51 microscope, by Olympus (1 mentions) Paraformaldehyde (pfa), by Wuhan Servicebio Technology (1 mentions) Paraffin embedding machine, by Leica (1 mentions) Paraformaldehyde (pfa), by Beyotime (1 mentions) Eosin dye, by Wuhan Servicebio Technology (1 mentions) Optical microscopy, by Olympus (1 mentions) Confocal laser scanning microscope, by Olympus (1 mentions)

Close spelling variants of this product

Microtome (1520 citations) Paraffin (89 citations)

16 protocols using paraffin microtome

Carotid Artery Thrombosis in Rats

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24 h after carotid artery thrombosis,
the rats were euthanized after
routine anesthesia. The postoperative right carotid artery was separated,
both ends ligated, and then cut at a length of 0.5 cm. After that,
the vessel was soaked in 4% paraformaldehyde for 24 h then dehydrated
in different ethanol gradients every other day, and finally embedded
in paraffin. Also, the carotid artery was cut at a thickness of 20
μm using a paraffin microtome (Leica, Germany). H–E staining
was performed on blood vessel slices. The images were obtained using
a scanning fluorescence microscope (Leica DMi8, Germany).

Lin X., Zhao P., Lin Z., Chen J., Bingwa L.A., Siaw-Debrah F., Zhang P., Jin K., Yang S, & Zhuge Q. (2022). Establishment of a Modified and Standardized Ferric Chloride-Induced Rat Carotid Artery Thrombosis Model. ACS Omega, 7(10), 8919-8927.

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Histological Analysis of Embryonic Development

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We collected 5–10 embryos at different exposure concentrations at 72 hpf. They were washed thrice with PBS for 5 min and kept in overnight incubation with 4% paraformaldehyde solution (PFA) at 4 °C. After dehydration with ethanol gradient and made transparent with xylene, the embryos were embedded in paraffin and sectioned by a Leica paraffin microtome, made into 5 μm sections. The tissue was collected on a glass slide and dried at 37 °C. After dewaxing with xylene and dehydration with ethanol, hematoxylin and eosin were stained according to the staining steps and timing in the literature [44 (link),45 (link)], sealed with a neutral resin, covered with a glass cover, and dried for at least 8 h at 37 °C. The sections were observed and photographed with a microscope (Leica DM2500, Leica Microsystems Srl, Wetzlar, Germany).

Fan G., Shen T., Jia K., Xiao X., Wu Z., Gong F, & Lu H. (2022). Pentachloronitrobenzene Reduces the Proliferative Capacity of Zebrafish Embryonic Cardiomyocytes via Oxidative Stress. Toxics, 10(6), 299.

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Immunohistochemical Analysis of Murine Placenta

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Whole uteri (E7.5–E14.5) and dissected placentae (E12.5–E14.5) were fixed in a 4% paraformaldehyde (P6148, Sigma-Aldrich) solution and embedded in paraffin. Sections of 5 μm thickness were cut on a Leica paraffin microtome. After deparaffinization and rehydration, antigen retrieval was performed by boiling the sections in 10 mM sodium citrate buffer (pH 6.0), followed by blocking in 3% bovine serum albumin (A4503, Sigma-Aldrich). For immunohistochemistry, the primary antibody was used against cytokeratin (Z0622, Dako). Other procedures followed the user manual of the Two-Step IHC kit (ZSGB-Bio, SP9001). Nuclear counterstaining was performed with hematoxylin. Images were obtained under a Leica Aperio VESA8 microscope and processed with Aperio ImageScope software. For immunofluorescence analysis, the primary antibody against Prl3d1 (SC-34713, Santa Cruz) was used at a 1:200 dilution, and incubated overnight. The secondary antibody used was donkey anti-goat Alexa Fluor 488 (A11055, Invitrogen). Nuclear counterstaining was performed with 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) (10236276001, Millipore Sigma). Images were observed under a Zeiss LSM 780 confocal microscope and processed with ZEN software.

Jiang X., Wang Y., Xiao Z., Yan L., Guo S., Wang Y., Wu H., Zhao X., Lu X, & Wang H. (2023). A differentiation roadmap of murine placentation at single-cell resolution. Cell Discovery, 9, 30.

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Hematoxylin and Eosin Staining of Liver Tissue

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The fixed liver tissues were cut into tissue blocks with a thickness of 2–3 mm and embedded in paraffin. The tissue block was cut into 4-μm thick sections with a paraffin microtome (Leica, Switzerland). The sections were deparaffinized twice with xylene and rehydrated with 100, 95, 80, and 70% ethanol gradients. Then the sections were stained with hematoxylin (Shanghai Beyotime Biotechnology) for 10 min and rinsed with tap water for 10 min. The sections were stained with eosin (Shanghai Beyotime Biotechnology) for 40 sec, dehydrated with 95 and 100% ethanol, made transparent twice with xylene, sealed with neutral resin, and finally observed and photographed with a microscope (Olympus, Japan).

Wen S., An R., Li Z.G., Lai Z.X., Li D.L., Cao J.X., Chen R.H., Zhang W.J., Li Q.H., Lai X.F., Sun S.L, & Sun L.L. (2022). Citrus maxima and tea regulate AMPK signaling pathway to retard the progress of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Food & Nutrition Research, 66, 10.29219/fnr.v66.7652.

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Histopathological Analysis of CIA in Mice

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All the experimental mice used to induce CIA were sacrificed, and ankle joints were obtained at 42 days after the primary immunization. The ankle joints were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde for 72 h, and decalcified with EDTA decalcification solution for 8 weeks, with the solution changed every 4 days. Remove the decalcification solution until the syringe needle could easily pierce into the tissue. Subsequently, the tissues were dehydrated, made transparent, waxed, and embedded in paraffin. 4 μm paraffin sections were prepared from sagittal view with a paraffin microtome (Leica, Wetzlar, Hessen, Germany), and stained with Modified Safranine O-Fast Green FCF Cartilage Stain Kit (Solarbio, Wuhan, China). The histopathological alterations were captured by microscope (IX73, Olympus, Tokyo, Japan).

Zhu L.W., Li Z., Dong X., Wu H., Cheng Y., Xia S., Bao X., Xu Y, & Cao R. (2024). Ficolin-A induces macrophage polarization to a novel pro-inflammatory phenotype distinct from classical M1. Cell Communication and Signaling : CCS, 22, 271.

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Immunohistochemical Analysis of Tumor Tissues

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After euthanasia, the tumor tissues of the nude mice were quickly collected, fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde, embedded in paraffin, dehydrated with a concentration gradient, and cut into 5 μm thick sections using a Leica paraffin microtome. After routine dewaxing, antigen retrieval and blocking were performed, followed by overnight incubation with Ki‐67 antibody (Abcam, 1:1000) in a humidified environment at 4°C. In the dark, the mixture of the sample and the secondary antibody was cultured at 25°C for h. The developed film was rinsed with clean water for a period of time, sealed with neutral gum (Shanghai Biyuntian Co., Ltd.), and photographed with an Olympus BX51 microscope.

Wang L., Hu Z., Chen C., Chen T., Yao Z., Li W, & Yang Z. (2023). Low‐dose aspirin can inhibit exosomal release induced by radiotherapy in breast cancer and attenuate its inhibitory effect on NK cell proliferation. Cancer Medicine, 12(15), 16386-16404.

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Immunohistochemical Analysis of Dopaminergic Neurons

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After the behavioral tests, anesthetized rats were perfused with PBS before fixation with 4% paraformaldehyde. The brain was peeled off and fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde for 1 week. Within dehydration and embedding into paraffin blocks for subsequent dyeing, the wax block was placed on a paraffin microtome (Leica) and the brain was cut into a six microns cross‐section attached to a glass slide. Brain slices were separately treated with 3% hydrogen peroxide and 0.1 M citrate buffer and blocked with goat serum. These slices were incubated overnight at 4°C with the following primary antibodies: TH (1:500, the marker of DA neurons) and TH (1:100) + NDUFS3 (1:100). Then, the corresponding fluorescent secondary antibody was incubated for 30 min at 37°C. The images of TH‐positive neurons in SN and TH‐positive neurons containing NDUFS3 were presented by Olympus microscope and the quantification of DA neurons were finally counted and averaged.

He J., Li D., Wen Q., Qin T., Long H., Zhang S, & Zhang F. (2023). Synergistic effects of lipopolysaccharide and rotenone on dopamine neuronal damage in rats. CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics, 29(8), 2281-2291.

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Histological Assessment of Cartilage Degeneration

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The chondro-subchondral bone complex was fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde (Servicebio, Wuhan, China) for 72h, and then decalcified with EDTA decalcification solution. The decalcification solution was changed every 4 days for 8 weeks until the syringe needle could easily pierce into the tissue. The tissues were then dehydrated, transparent, waxed, and embedded in paraffin. Paraffin sections with a thickness of 4μm were prepared from sagittal view with a paraffin microtome (Leica, Wetzlar, Hessen, Germany). Cartilage sections were stained with Modified Safranine O-Fast Green FCF Cartilage Stain Kit (Solarbio, Wuhan, China). Two researchers evaluated the stained sections according to the Mankin scoring system25 (link) without knowing the groups.

Xing L., Chen X., Guo C., Zhu W., Hu T., Ma W., Du M., Xu Y, & Guo C. (2023). Electroacupuncture Exerts Chondroprotective Effect in Knee Osteoarthritis of Rabbits Through the Mitophagy Pathway. Journal of Pain Research, 16, 2871-2882.

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Histological Analysis of Cardiac Tissue

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Hearts were stored and fixed in formalin at 4 °C and then paraffin embedded. Paraffin blocks were sectioned into 5 µm sections using Leica paraffin microtome in the Center of Microscopy at the University of Iowa. Sections were mounted onto Fischer brand frosted plus slides. Slides were then deparaffinized with rinses of xylene and stained with Masson’s Trichrome staining for collagen (blue), muscle fibers (red), and nuclei (black/blue). Coverslips were then mounted on stained slides with Permount Mounting Medium. Slides were then scanned in slide scanner, PrimeHisto XE (Pacific Image Electronics, New Taipei City, Taiwan). For further magnification of cardiomyocytes, slides were viewed under compound light microscopy at 20X. Myocyte size and number were quantified using ImageJ (NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA).

Baccam G.C., Xie J., Jin X., Park H., Wang B., Husson H., Ibraghimov-Beskrovnaya O, & Huang C.L. (2022). Glucosylceramide synthase inhibition protects against cardiac hypertrophy in chronic kidney disease. Scientific Reports, 12, 9340.

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Histological Analysis of Psoriatic Skin

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Skin samples from each group were harvested at the peak of psoriasis (day 4), and fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde for 24 h at room temperature (RT). These samples were dehydrated and treated with different concentrations of alcohol and dimethylbenzene. Skin samples were embedded in liquid paraffin at 70°C using a paraffin embedding machine (Leica, Solmas, Germany) and cut into 8 μm sections using a Paraffin microtome (Leica). The sections were de-paraffinized and dehydrated firstly, before staining with hematoxylin solution for 3 min and then 0.2% eosin (Beyotime, Shanghai, China) for 5 min. Images were acquired using an upright optical microscope camera (Nikon Ci-E, Tokyo, Japan) with 10× magnification. To measure the thickness of epidermis, six random regions from each mouse skin were chosen. Baker’s scores [15 (link)] were used to evaluate the pathological condition of the affected skin from each group.

Wu H., Ou J., Li K., Wang T, & Nandakumar K.S. (2023). Comparative studies on mannan and imiquimod induced experimental plaque psoriasis inflammation in inbred mice. Clinical and Experimental Immunology, 211(3), 288-300.

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