Adult male wistar rats

Adult male Wistar rats (Charles River; n= 30) weighing ~300g and adult female Wistar rats (Charles River; n = 40) weighing ~220g at the start of nociception/pain experiments were pair housed in a humidity and temperature-controlled (22°C) vivarium on a reverse 12 h light/dark cycle (lights off at 7:00 A.M.), with ad libitum access to food and water. We tested a separate cohort of Adult male Wistar rats (Charles River; n = 20) weighing ~300g for locomotor activity. All rats were acclimated for 1 week before the start of experiments. All behavioral tests occurred during the dark period. All procedures were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center and were in accordance with the National Institutes of Health guidelines.

Adult Male Wistar rats (175–200g, Charles River) were induced with T2DM using a combination of high-fat diet (HFD) and low dose of Streptozotocin (STZ)^{9 (link), 10 (link)}. Body weight, blood glucose, high density lipoprotein (HDL), and total cholesterol were measured before and 10 days after STZ injection. Rats with fasting (8 hours) plasma glucose ≥300 mg/dl were considered diabetic.

Adult male Wistar rats (Charles River Laboratory, Wilmington, MA) weighing 225–250 g at the start of training were singly housed under a 12-h light/dark cycle (lights on 06:00–18:00 h). Food was available ad libitum, but water intake was progressively restricted over the course of 1 week (water deprived successively 2, 4, 6, 12, 16, 20, and 22 h per day). Access was then maintained at 2 h/day throughout the duration of the experiment (including the test session). During this week, animals were also habituated to being handled, and weighed. Animal care and experimentation was performed in accordance with protocols approved by The Ohio State University Institutional Laboratory Animal Care and Use Committee and was consistent with the NIH Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals.