We measured concentrations of DOC by a high-temperature oxidation method using a TOC-V total organic carbon analyzer, Shimadzu, with potassium hydrogen phthalate as internal standard. For pH measurements in seawater, we used an iodine/iodate electrode from SCHOTT Instruments (IL Micro pHT-A). The electrode was calibrated using standard buffer solutions to DIN 19 266 (SI Analytics GmbH, Mainz, Germany). pH was thus determined on the NBS scale. The Fe concentrations of the samples were analyzed by ICP-MS (Agilent Technologies 7700 ×, Waldbronn, Germany). We monitored 56Fe, using He as a collision cell gas to account for polyatomic interferences. In addition to Fe, the following trace metals were monitored: 27Al, 47Ti, 55Mn, 63Cu, 64Zn, 75As, 139La, 140Ce and 208Pb. The results revealed that the concentrations of these competing metals in the NOM samples were significantly lower than the concentration of Fe. Iron was in parallel detected in the samples by means of graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GF-AAS) using a PinAAcle 900Z (PerkinElmer) after microwave digestion. Anion concentrations (sulfate and chloride) were analyzed by Ion Chromatography (DIONEX ICS-1000).
Ics 1000
Manufactured by Thermo Fisher Scientific
Sourced in United States
The ICS-1000 is an ion chromatography system designed for the analysis of inorganic ions. It features a non-suppressed conductivity detector and can be used for the separation and quantification of common anions and cations.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Toc vcph total organic carbon analyzer, by Shimadzu (2 mentions)
Multi n c 2100, by Analytik Jena (2 mentions)
Ultima 2, by Horiba (2 mentions)
Ecoscan do 6, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Nanodrop 2000, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Pinaacle 900z, by PerkinElmer (1 mentions)
Toc 5 total organic carbon analyzer, by Shimadzu (1 mentions)
Dr 820 colorimeter, by HACH (1 mentions)
Nexion 300x, by PerkinElmer (1 mentions)
U 5100, by Hitachi (1 mentions)
Chromeleon 6, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
4.5 ml tube, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
C18 column, by Waters Corporation (1 mentions)
Xevo g2 xs qtof, by Waters Corporation (1 mentions)
1290 infinity, by Agilent Technologies (1 mentions)
Chns o analyzer, by PerkinElmer (1 mentions)
Toc l cph, by Shimadzu (1 mentions)
Delta 320, by Mettler Toledo (1 mentions)
Ics2500, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Ionpac cs12a, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
48 protocols using ics 1000
1
Comprehensive Seawater Analysis Protocol
2
Chlorine Ion Stability Evaluation of Solvent Compositions
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Example 1
The obtained solvent compositions in Examples 1 to 21 are retained at 50° C. for three days. Chlorine ion concentrations immediately after the preparation (before the test) and after the retention (after the test) are measured, and stability is evaluated by the following index. Table 1 presents the results. Note that any of concentrations in the index of the evaluation is a chlorine ion concentration.
<Index of Evaluation>
“S (excellent)”: less than 10 mass ppm
“A (good)”: 10 mass ppm or more and less than 50 mass ppm
“B (slightly poor)”: 50 mass ppm or more and less than 100 mass ppm
“x (poor)”: 100 mass ppm or more
In the chlorine ion concentration measurement, 40 g of each of the solvent compositions and 40 g of ion-exchange water are put in a 200 mL-capacity separatory funnel, shaken for one minute, and thereafter left still, and an upper-layer aqueous phase obtained by a two-layer separation is separately collected, and the chlorine ion concentration of the aqueous phase is measured by an ion chromatograph (model number: ICS-1000, manufactured by Dionex Corporation).
3
Sediment Properties Extraction and Analysis
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Ammonium, nitrite, and nitrate were extracted from wet sediments using 2 M KCl (Shen et al., 2013 (link); Hu et al., 2014 (link)), and determined according to the standard methods (APHA, 2017 ). Air-dried sediment samples were sifted for the analysis of other physical and chemical properties (passed through an 18-mesh sieve for the determination of moisture and sulfate, passed through a 100-mesh sieve for the determination of OM and nutrient elements). The moisture of air-dried sediment was determined by the stoving method. The content of soil OM was determined by the K2Cr2O7 oxidation method. Sulfate was extracted by water (the water-soil ratio was 5:1) and was determined by ion chromatography (DIONEX ICS-1000, America). The content of total carbon (TC), nitrogen (TN), and sulfur (TS) was determined using the elemental analyzer (elementar vairo EL CUBE, Germany).
4
Biogas Production and Microbial Community Analysis
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VFAs (acetic, propionic, i-butyric, n-butyric, i-valeric and n-valeric) were analyzed by a gas chromatograph (GC, 4890D, Agilent Inc., Santa Clara, CA, USA) equipped with a Flame Ionization Detector (HP, 7673A, Hewlett-Packard, Palo Alto, CA, USA). COD and NH4+-N were determined according to standard methods [18 ]. The anions elements such as SO42− were measured with an Ion Chromatography (ICS-1000, Dionex, Sunnyvale, CA, USA). In order to analyze the similarity of the AnMBR microbial community under different operational conditions, principle component analysis (PCA) was conducted in this study, and redundancy analysis was carried out using the software package Canoco version 5 (http://www.canoco5.com ). The biogas was collected from bioreactor through a pipe and measured by a biogas flow meter (µFlow, Bioprocess Control AB, Stockholm, Sweden). The ammonia gas (NH3) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) were assessed using an Ammonia 2/a 6733231 Draeger Tube and Hydrogen Sulfide 0.2/a 8101461 Draeger Tube (Draeger Safety, Inc., Houston, TX, USA), respectively.
5
Groundwater Contaminant Characterization Protocol
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T, pH, DO and EC were monitored by Sample ProTM (Type MP-SPK-6P-T, QED, USA) during pumping. Chloridion (Cl-) concentration was determined by ion chromatography (Dionex ICS-1000, USA). Nitrite (NO2-), nitrate (NO3-), sulfate (SO42-), ferrous (Fe2+), calcium (Ca2+), magnesium (Mg2+) were measured using DR/820 Colorimeter (HACH, USA). CAHs were analyzed by GC (Agilent 7890A) equipped with a split/splitless injector used in splitless mode (240°C), an electron capture detector (ECD) and a 60 m× 0.25 mm× 1.4 μm DB-VRX capillary column (J&W Scientific). The oven temperature program used was as follows: 0 min at 45°C, 12°C/min to 190°C and hold for 2 min. Nitrogen (ultra-pure) was used as a carrier gas and held at a constant flow rate of 2 ml/min and the ECD was operated at 260°C. The analysis was automated using Purge&Trap (Tekma Atomx) with a 5 ml purge tube. The operation conditions were as follows: purge temperature at 40°C, purge flow at 40 mL/min, purge time for 11 min, desorb temperature at 250°C and desorb time for 2 min.
6
Water Quality Analysis Protocol
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Chemical oxygen demand (COD) and NH4+–N were analyzed according to the Chinese Standard Methods as used by Sun et al. [35 (link)]. TN was determined by a TOC-VCPH total organic carbon (TOC) analyzer (Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan), while NO2−–N and NO3−–N were analyzed by ion chromatography (DIONEX ICS-1000, Sunnyvale, California, USA). Samples for NO2−–N, NH4+–N, and NO3−–N were pretreated by a 0.45 μm membrane filter.
7
Trace Metal and Anion Analysis of Water
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Metal concentrations in tap water and dam water were determined by ICP‐MS in triplicate (PerkinElmer Nexion 300X) with instrument specifications outlined in the in supporting information (Table S14). Anion concentrations in tap water were analysed by ion chromatography (Dionex ICS 1000). Water samples were centrifuged (4000 rpm, 10 minutes) and filtered through nylon 0.22 μM membrane filters prior to ICP‐MS and anion chromatography analysis.
8
Sulfate Analysis and Hydrogen Quantification
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For sulfate determinations, culture aliquots (0.1 mL) were anaerobically withdrawn with a syringe and needle, filtered (0.22 μm; polyvinylidene difluoride), and analyzed with a Dionex ICS-1000 with an AS22 column and AG22 guard with an eluent of 4.1 mM sodium carbonate and 1 mM sodium bicarbonate at 1.2 mL/min. H2 concentrations in the headspace were monitored on an Agilent 6890 gas chromatograph fitted with a thermal conductivity detector. The column was a Supelco Carboxen 1010 plot capillary column (30 m × 0.53 mm) with N2 carrier gas and 0.5-mL injections. The oven temperature was 40°C, the inlet was splitless at 5.5 lb/in2 and 225°C, and the detector had a makeup flow of 7 mL/min and a temperature of 225°C.
9
Measuring Nutrient and Biomolecule Profiles
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The concentrations of NO2– and NO3– ions in the supernatant of the tank solution collected from the AO-, MA-, and A-tanks were measured by ion chromatography (Dionex ICS-1000). The identification of NO2– and NO3– peaks was conducted using external standard methods. The concentration of NH4+ was measured by the indophenol blue method (Sagi, 1966 ). The concentrations of dissolved saccharides and proteins were measured by the phenol-sulfuric acid method (Kochert, 1978 ) and Bradford method (Bradford, 1976 (link)), respectively. Light absorbance was measured using a spectrophotometer (U-5100; HITACHI). Each measurement was conducted in triplicate.
10
Wastewater Treatment Efficiency Analysis
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The wastewater treatment efficiency
and biomass production in the photobioreactors was evaluated by monitoring
the following parameters. Total suspended solids (TSS), volatile suspended
solids (VSS), chlorophyll-a, and total and soluble chemical oxygen
demand (COD and sCOD) were measured according to Standard Methods.33 NH4+-N was measured following
Solórzano,39 (link) and NO2–-N, NO3–-N, and PO43–-P through isocratic mode with carbonate-based
eluents at a temperature of 30 °C and a flow of 1 mL/min (ICS-1000,
Dionex Corporation, U.S.A.; limits of detection (LOD) were 0.9 mg/L
of NO2–-N, 1.12 of NO3–-N, and 0.8 mg/L of PO43–-P). Total carbon (TC), total inorganic carbon (TIC), and total nitrogen
(TN) were analyzed with a multi N/C 2100S, Analytik Jena, Germany.
For the BMP test, total solids (TS) and volatile solids (VS) were
measured according to Standard Methods.33 All of the analyses were done in triplicate and results are given
as average values.
and biomass production in the photobioreactors was evaluated by monitoring
the following parameters. Total suspended solids (TSS), volatile suspended
solids (VSS), chlorophyll-a, and total and soluble chemical oxygen
demand (COD and sCOD) were measured according to Standard Methods.33 NH4+-N was measured following
Solórzano,39 (link) and NO2–-N, NO3–-N, and PO43–-P through isocratic mode with carbonate-based
eluents at a temperature of 30 °C and a flow of 1 mL/min (ICS-1000,
Dionex Corporation, U.S.A.; limits of detection (LOD) were 0.9 mg/L
of NO2–-N, 1.12 of NO3–-N, and 0.8 mg/L of PO43–-P). Total carbon (TC), total inorganic carbon (TIC), and total nitrogen
(TN) were analyzed with a multi N/C 2100S, Analytik Jena, Germany.
For the BMP test, total solids (TS) and volatile solids (VS) were
measured according to Standard Methods.33 All of the analyses were done in triplicate and results are given
as average values.
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