Barium chloride

Manufactured by Thermo Fisher Scientific

Sourced in United States

Barium chloride is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula BaCl2. It is a white, crystalline solid that is soluble in water and commonly used as a laboratory reagent.

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Lab products found in correlation

8 protocols using barium chloride

Polyethylene Glycol-Based Hydrogel Fabrication

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Polyethylene glycol (PEG-OH; 6 kDa) was obtained from Alfa Aesar (Haverhill, MA). PEG-diacrylate (PEG-DA; 5 kDa), 4-arm PEG-acrylate (4-arm PEG-Ac; 10 and 20 kDa), PEG-dimethacrylate (PEG-DM; 1 kDa), and PEG-dithiol (PEG-diSH; 3.4 and 10 kDa) were from Laysan Bio Inc. (Arab, Al). Hen egg-white lysozyme (Lys), alcohol dehydrogenase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (ADH), phosphate buffered saline (PBS), dithiothreitol (DTT) and triethanolamine (TEA) were from Millipore Sigma (Burlington, MA). Silicone isolator sheets (0.5 mm thick), from Grace Bio Labs (Bend, OR), were used as spacers. Guanidinium hydrochloride (GuHCl), ethanol, tris hydrochloride, NuPAGE, Novex, and SimplyBlue Safestain, and Pierce In-Solution Tryptic Digestion and Guanidination were from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA). Barium chloride, iodine, and perchloric acid were from Fisher Chemicals (Hampton, NH). TopSeal-A PLUS was from (PerkinElmer, Waltham, MA). Guanidine thiocyanate (GuSCN) was from Promega (Madison, WI). β-Nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide (NAD⁺) was from Calbiochem (San Diego, Ca). A kit from Biovision (Milpitas, CA) was used to measure lysozyme activity.

Ghassemi Z., Ruesing S., Leach J.B, & Zustiak S.P. (2021). Stability of Proteins Encapsulated in Michael-Type Addition Polyethylene Glycol Hydrogels. Biotechnology and bioengineering, 118(12), 4840-4853.

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Camelina Oil Extraction and Protein Purification

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Certified organic camelina seed was purchased from a local market in Seattle, WA, USA, and its oil was extracted by a screw press (AgoilPress, M70 Oil Press Eau Clair, Wisconsin, USA). Whey protein isolate (WPI) was obtained from a local super market in Lincoln, NE, USA. Ammonium thiocyanate and barium chloride were purchased from Fisher scientific (Fair Lawn, NJ, USA). Ferrous sulfate heptahydrate was obtained from MP Biochemicals, LLC (Solon, OH, USA). All other reagents and solvents were of analytical or chromatographic grade and purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA).

Belayneh H.D., Wehling R.L., Zhang Y, & Ciftci O.N. (2017). Development of omega‐3‐rich Camelina sativa seed oil emulsions. Food Science & Nutrition, 6(2), 440-449.

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Electrophysiological Recordings in Murine Brain Slices

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Mice were anesthetized with isoflurane and brains sliced in oxygenated sucrose ACSF slush as described (59) . All recordings were performed using borosilicate electrodes (2.5-4.5 MΩ) filled with a K-Gluconate solution (41, 59) . For rheobase and spike frequency, a 20pA current-step injection was used (0-400pA). For ML297 and baclofen recordings, a consistent holding current was obtained (<20% fluctuation), followed by bath application of 10µM ML297 in 0.04% DMSO or 200µM baclofen (Sigma-Aldrich). Evoked currents were reversed using bath application of 0.30mM barium chloride (Fisher Scientific). Recordings were filtered at 2kHz and sampled at 20kHz, with series resistance (<40MΩ) monitored throughout all recordings.

Anderson E.M., Loke S., Wrucke B., Engelhardt A., Hess E., Wickman K., & Hearing M.C. (2020). Suppression of pyramidal neuron G protein-gated inwardly rectifying K+ channel signaling impairs prelimbic cortical function and underlies stress-induced deficits in cognitive flexibility.

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Antimicrobial Activity Assessment

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Gentamicin and Ciprofloxacin (Microxpress, a division of Tulip Diagnostics (P), Ltd.) antibiotic discs were used as standard drugs for antimicrobial activity. Mueller Hinton Agar (MHA) (HiMedia Laboratories Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai), Nutrient Broth (HiMedia Laboratories Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai), DPPH (HiMedia Laboratories Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai), Barium Chloride (Thermo Fisher Scientific, India Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai), and Dimethyl Sulfoxide (Thermo Fisher Scientific, India Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai) were also used.

Chhetry A.K., Dhakal S., Chaudhary L., Karki K., Khadka R.B., Chaudhary G.P., Bastola T., Poudel A., Aryal P, & Pandey J. (2022). Study of Antibacterial Activity of Root Bark, Leaves, and Pericarp Extracts of Diploknema butyracea and Evaluation of Prospective Antioxidant Activity. Journal of Tropical Medicine, 2022, 6814901.

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Detailed Isotopic Analysis Protocol

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The internal standard, sodium sulphite-³⁴S (Na₂³⁴SO₃, 95%), in addition to formaldehyde (37%), toluene, ammonium acetate (Sigma Ultra, minimum 98%) and sodium sulphite (Na₂SO₃, ≥ 98%) were acquired from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). LC-MS-grade acetonitrile, water and m ethanol, in addition to glacial acetic acid, ethanol, methylene chloride, hydrogen peroxide (30%), sodium hydroxide (certified 0.1 and 0.01 N), potassium hydroxide pellets (85%), potassium dihydrogen phosphate, barium chloride, concentrated phosphoric acid and concentrated hydrochloric acid, were purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Pittsburgh, PA, USA). Methyl red from Mallinckrodt Baker (Phillipsburg, NJ, USA) was used in the MW titration. Samples were diluted and extracted using 18 MΩ water obtained from an Aqua Solutions water purification system (Jasper, GA, USA). Fresh vegetables and all ingredients used for making garlic products were purchased from grocery stores located in Greenbelt, MD, USA. All food samples were stored according to the manufacturers’ suggested storage conditions.

Robbins Carlos K.S, & de Jager L.S. (2016). Comparison of multiple methods for the determination of sulphite in Allium and Brassica vegetables. Food additives & contaminants. Part A, Chemistry, analysis, control, exposure & risk assessment, 33(10), 1509-1517.

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Electrophysiological Recording Protocol

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All experiments included TTX (0.1μM, Tocris Bioscience, Bristol, UK) in the recording solution except where indicated (Supplementary Figure 4). Barium chloride (100μM Thermo Fisher) was also used where indicated. Drugs were stored in frozen stock solution and dissolved in recording solution prior to each experiment.

Patterson K.C., Kahanovitch U., Gonçalves C.M., Hablitz J.J., Staruschenko A., Mulkey D.K, & Olsen M.L. (2020). Kir5.1-Dependent CO2/H+-Sensitive Currents Contribute to Astrocyte Heterogeneity Across Brain Regions. Glia, 69(2), 310-325.

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Peptide Synthesis and Conjugation Protocol

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POD peptide [CGGG(ARKKAAKA)₄] was synthesized and purified by high-performance liquid chromatography at Tufts University Peptide Synthesis Core Facility (Tufts University). Methoxy-PEG-orthopyridyl disulfide (mPEG-OPSS; molecular weight [MW], 10,000) and mPEG-MALM (MW 10,000) were purchased from Laysan Bio. Ellman’s reagent [5, 5′-dithio-bis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid); DTNB] was purchased from Sigma. Plasmid labeling kit was purchased from Mirus Bio. Cell culture reagents were purchased Life Technologies. Micro Bio-Spin P6 chromatography columns, Any kD TGX protein gels, and Quick Start Bradford Protein Assay were purchased from Bio-Rad. Luciferase Assay System was purchased from Promega. Barium chloride was purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific. The LDH kit was purchased from ScienCell Research Laboratories.

Dasari B.C., Cashman S.M, & Kumar-Singh R. (2017). Reducible PEG-POD/DNA Nanoparticles for Gene Transfer In Vitro and In Vivo: Application in a Mouse Model of Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Molecular Therapy. Nucleic Acids, 8, 77-89.

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Microbial Growth Assay Reagent Procurement

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Barium chloride, Dimethyl Sulfoxide, Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, Folin-Denis reagent, Methanol, and Sodium chloride were purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific India Pvt. Ltd. Similarly, ethanol was purchased from Jiangyin Tenghua Co. Ltd., China, and Gallic acid and Tannic acid were purchased from Loba Chemie Pvt. Ltd., India. Additionally, Gentamicin, Muller Hinton agar (MHA), Nutrient agar (NA), Potato Dextrose agar (PDA), and sterile swabs were purchased from HiMedia Laboratories Pvt. Ltd., India.

Adhikari B., Shah P.K., & Karki R. (2021). Antibiogram and Phytochemical Analysis of Cinnamon, Clove, and Sichuan Pepper Extracts. Nepal Journal of Biotechnology, 9(1), 1-7.

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