0.1 m citrate buffer

For the in vivo model of diabetes, streptozocin (STZ, Solarbio, China), which was freshly prepared in cold 0.1 M citrate buffer (pH 4.5, Solarbio, China), was injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) into rats using a single dose of 60 mg/kg body weight. Rats in the control group were injected with an equivalent dose of citrate buffer. Three days after this STZ injection, fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels (with a minimal fasting period of 8 h) were determined. Levels > 11.1 mM were established as the diagnostic criteria for T1DM in this rat model. Blood glucose values were monitored as achieved from samples collected from the tail veins of the rats. Blood glucose levels and body weights were determined at 1, 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks after the STZ injection. All animal experiments were conducted in the Department of Physiology of the School of Basic Medical Sciences at Shandong University.

SB203580 (0.5 mg/kg) was purchased from MedChemExpress Co., Ltd. (USA). Streptozocin (STZ) and 0.1 M citrate buffer (pH 4.5) were purchased from Solarbio Co., Ltd. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Co. (St Louis, MO, USA). The polyclonal rabbit anti-CD11b (ab184307) and polyclonal rabbit anti-CD45 (ab10558) were purchased from Abcam Co. (Cambridge, UK). The polyclonal rabbit anti-NF-κB p65 (BS90940) was purchased from BioWorld Technology, Inc. The polyclonal rabbit anti-GAPDH (10494-1-AP) purchased from Proteintech Technology and the polyclonal rabbit anti-P38 (9212s) was purchased from Cell Signaling Technology. Constructed adeno-associated virus (AAV9-CMV-eGFP-miR-26a-3p-sponge vector) was purchased from Gene-Chem Co. (Shanghai, China).