Red cmtpx fluorophore

The biocompatibility of the obtained Ag/Fe-enhanced TiO₂ powders with AFSC was also evaluated based on fluorescence microscopy using RED CMTPX fluorophore (Thermo Fischer Scientific, Massachusetts, MA, USA), which is a cell tracker for long-term tracing of living cells. The CMTPX tracker was added in cell culture treated with the nanoparticles and the viability and morphology of the AFSC was evaluated after 5 days. The CMTPX fluorophore was added in the culture medium at a final concentration of 5 µM, incubated for 30 min in order to allow the dye penetration into the cells. Next, the AFSC were washed with PBS and visualized by fluorescent microscopy. The photomicrographs were taken with Olympus CKX 41 digital camera driven by CellSense Entry software (Olympus, Tokyo, Japan) [28 (link),31 (link)].

For the evaluation of cellular biocompatibility in terms of cellular shape, attachment to the substrate, the integrity of the cellular membrane, and the number of vacuoles, we used fluorescence microscopy and a red CMTPX fluorophore (Thermo Fischer Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA). The CMTPX is a cell tracker for the long-term tracing of living cells, which, when entered into the cells, start to emit fluorescence. The viability and morphology of the AFSC were evaluated after 5 days of cultivation of the AFSC in the presence of the nanofibrous mesh. The CMTPX fluorophore was added to the cell cultures at a concentration of 5 µM and incubated for 30 min. Finally, the AFSC cultures were washed with PBS and visualized by fluorescent microscopy using an Olympus CKX 41 digital camera driven by CellSense Entry software (Olympus, Tokyo, Japan).

The biocompatibility of the synthesized porous materials (CS, CS_Gel, HAp(ESM)_CS_Gel_BA) was additionally evaluated with the help of fluorescence microscopy, using a cell tracker for long-term tracing of living cells, called RED CMTPX fluorophore (Thermo Fischer Scientific, Massachusetts, MA, USA). The synthesized materials were added in the respective cell cultures along with the CMTPX tracker. After 5 days, the morphology and viability of the AFSCs were evaluated. The CMTPX fluorophore was added in the culture medium at a final concentration of 5 μM. The mediums were incubated for 30 min so the dye penetrated the cells completely. After the incubation period, the cells were washed with PBS (phosphate buffer saline) and analyzed by fluorescent microscopy. The photomicrographs were taken with Olympus CKX 41 digital camera driven by CellSense Entry software (Olympus, Tokyo, Japan) [41 (link)].