High glucose dulbecco s modified eagle s medium dmem

Colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines (HCT116, HT29, WIDR and T87), lung cancer cell lines (A549, H460, H1299 and H1975), a human bronchial epithelial cell line (BEAS-2B), human glioma cell lines (U251, U373 and U87), human hepatoma cell lines (HuH7, 7721, HepG2) and human embryonic kidney 293 cells (HEK 293T) were all purchased from the Chinese Academy of Sciences Cell Bank (Shanghai, China). The culture conditions used in this study are shown in Supplementary Table S1. High glucose Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM) and RPMI-1640 medium were supplied by HyClone (Thermo Fisher, USA). All culture media were supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (Gibco, Thermo Fisher), 100 U/mL penicillin and 100 µg/mL phytomycin (Gibco, Thermo Fisher). All cultures were maintained at 37 °C and 5% CO₂. For induction of DNA damage, cells were treated with camptothecin (CPT, 1 µM, Selleck) for 1 h, etoposide (ETO, 100 μg/mL, Selleck) for 4 h, or γ-irradiation. ATM inhibitor (ATMi, KU-55933), ATR inhibitor (ATRi, VE-821) and DNA-PK inhibitor (DNA-PKi, NU7441) were purchased from Selleck. During DNA damage induction by ionizing radiation (IR), CPT or ETO, the corresponding inhibitors were maintained in complete medium continuously unless indicated.

Cinnamomum tamala leaves were procured commercially, whereas fresh Jatropha curcas latex was collected from Alipurduar district, West Bengal, India. Commercially available iron (II) chloride (FeCl₂·H₂O), iron (III) chloride (anh. FeCl₃) and the other reagents were of analytical grade and utilized without further purification. All the solutions were made by freshly prepared deionised water (DW). High glucose Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM), Roswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI) 1640, Dulbecco’s phosphate-buffered saline (DPBS, pH 7.4), fetal bovine serum (FBS), and trypsin/EDTA were procured from Gibco™, Thermo Fischer Scientific (Loughborough, UK). 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) was purchased from Sigma Aldrich, Goyang, Korea. MilliQ purified water (18.2 MΩ) was used to prepare all biological solutions.
Cancer cells, both SW480 and HeLa, were incubated at 37 °C in a humidified 5% CO₂ environment in RPMI 1640 and 10% (v/v) FBS with penicillin.

Amphetamine, 4-fluoroamphetamine (4-FA), methcathinone (MC), 4-fluoromethcathinone (4-FMC), 4-chloromethcathinone (4-CMC), 4-methylmethcathinone (4-MMC), and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) were purchased from Lipomed (Arlesheim, Switzerland). 4-Chloroamphetamine (PCA) was purchased from Cayman Chemical (Ann Arbor, MI, USA). All drugs were racemic hydrochloride salts with an HPLC purity of >98%. Test drugs were dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and stored at −20 °C. The final DMSO concentration during the experiment was 0.1%.
The SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cell line was purchased from European Collection of Authenticated Cell Cultures (RRID:CVCL_0019, ECACC) (Sigma-Aldrich, Buchs, Switzerland). SH-SY5Y cells were cultured in a 5% CO₂ incubator at 37 (normothermic conditions) or 40.5 °C (hyperthermic conditions) in high glucose Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium (DMEM) (Thermo Fischer Scientific, Basel, Switzerland) containing 15% heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum (FBS) (Thermo Fischer Scientific, Basel, Switzerland), 2 mM L-glutamine (Thermo Fischer Scientific, Basel, Switzerland), and 1 mM sodium pyruvate (Thermo Fischer Scientific, Basel, Switzerland).