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5 protocols using iκbα l35a5

1

Investigating HTLV-1 Activation Pathway

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CH-223191 was purchased from Selleck. L-kynurenine and BAY11-7085 were purchased from MedChemExpress. Antibodies were used as following: AHR (D5S6H; Cell Signaling Technology), RelA (D14E12; Cell Signaling Technology), IκBα (L35A5; Cell Signaling Technology), phospho-IκBα (14D4; Cell Signaling Technology), α-Tubulin (DM1A; Cell Signaling Technology), LaminB1 (D9V6H; Cell Signaling Technology), HTLV-1 Tax (1A3; Abcam), HTLV-1 gp46 (67/5.5.13.1; Abcam), HTLV-1 p24 (46/3.24.4; Abcam), HTLV-1 p19 (TP-7; Abcam), β-Actin (AF0003; Beyotime Biotechnology), GAPDH (AF0006; Beyotime Biotechnology).
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2

Ginkgo biloba Extract Inhibits Inflammation

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Ginkgo biloba L. leaf extract injection (GBE) was purchased from Youcare Pharmaceutical Group (Beijing, China, Approval No. H20070226, Supporting Information 1). Its initial concentration is 3.5 mg/ml and prepared in aqueous solvent with excipients such as sorbitol, ethanol, sodium hydroxide. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS, #L2880) were obtained from sigma, and prepared in DMEM medium at concentration of 10 mg/ml. Primary antibodies for COX-2 (#4842, 1:1000), IκB-α (L35A5) (#4814, 1:1000), p-IκB-α (14D4) (#2859, 1:1000), NF-κB p65 (D14E12) (#8242, 1:1000) and p-p65 (93H1) (#3033, 1:1000), NF-κB p50 (D4P4D) (#13586, 1:1000) were obtained from Cell Signaling Technology, Inc. (Danvers, MA, United States). Primary antibodies for TNF-α (7B8A11) (#60291-1-Ig, 1:1000), IL-6 (#21865-1-AP, 1:1000), GAPDH (1E6D9) (#60004-1-Ig, 1:1000), β-actin (2D4H5) (#66009-1-Ig, 1:1000) and Lamin B1 (#12987-1-AP, 1:1000) were obtained from Proteintech Group Inc. (Rosemount, IL, United States). Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM) and fetal bovine serum (FBS) were obtained from Gibco Laboratories.
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3

Western Blot Analysis of Cellular Protein Markers

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The following antibodies were used: MCPyV Ab5 [36 (link), 57 (link)]; GFP (D5.1, Cell Signaling); vinculin (H-10, Santa Cruz); actin (D6A8, Cell Signaling); HK2 (C64G5, Cell Signaling); LDHA (EP1565Y, Abcam); MCT1 (A1512, NeoBiolab); LAT1 (5347, Cell Signaling); RelA (D14E12, Cell Signaling); IκBα (L35A5, Cell Signaling); MYC (9E10, Santa Cruz); MYCN (9405, Cell Signaling); MYCL (AF4050, R&D Systems).
Whole cell lysates were prepared using RIPA buffer (Boston BioProducts) supplemented with protease inhibitor cocktail set I (Calbiochem) and phosphatase inhibitor cocktail set I (Calbiochem). Clarified protein extracts were boiled in SDS sample buffer (Boston BioProducts), resolved by SDS-PAGE (Criterion TGX precast gels; Bio-Rad), transferred to nitrocellulose membranes (Bio-Rad), blocked and incubated with the appropriate primary antibody in TBS-T overnight at 4°C. Detection of proteins was performed with horseradish peroxidase-conjugated secondary antibodies (Rockland), developed using Clarity Western ECL substrate (Bio-Rad), and imaged with a G:BOX Chemi detection system (Syngene).
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4

PBMC Signaling Pathway Analysis

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PBMCs were isolated by density gradient centrifugation and resuspended in R10. PBMCs were rested in RPMI without glutamine and FBS (R0) for two hours. In some cases, PBMC are incubated in R10 for 1–2 days, passed through a 40µµ strainer and adjusted to 0.5 × 106/mL in PBS and rested prior to PMA stimulation. For glutamine supplementation experiments, PBMCs were rested in PBS containing 0.2mM glutamine and increasing concentrations of glutamine (0–5 mM) were added before PMA stimulation. PMA (1–20ng/mL) stimulation was performed in 1 mL PBS for 5–30 minutes in 37°C CO2 incubator. After stimulation, cells were fixed in 1.6% paraformaldehyde for 10 minutes at room temperature, spun down and resuspended in 100% cold methanol and incubated overnight at −20°C. Cells were then washed and stained with fluorochrome-conjugated phospho-antibodies: phospho-S6 (N7–548, BD Biosciences), phospho-ERK1/2 (20A, BD Biosciences), phospho-P65 (K10–895.12.50, BD Biosciences), phospho-P38 (36/p38, BD Biosciences), phospho-AKT (pS473, M89-61, BD Biosciences), IκBα (L35A5, Cell Signaling Technology), along with CD3 (HIT3a, BioLegend), CD4 (L200, BD Biosciences), CD45RO (UCHL1, BD Biosciences), CD45RA (HI100, BD Biosciences) antibodies.
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5

PBMC Signaling Pathway Analysis

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PBMCs were isolated by density gradient centrifugation and resuspended in R10. PBMCs were rested in RPMI without glutamine and FBS (R0) for two hours. In some cases, PBMC are incubated in R10 for 1–2 days, passed through a 40µµ strainer and adjusted to 0.5 × 106/mL in PBS and rested prior to PMA stimulation. For glutamine supplementation experiments, PBMCs were rested in PBS containing 0.2mM glutamine and increasing concentrations of glutamine (0–5 mM) were added before PMA stimulation. PMA (1–20ng/mL) stimulation was performed in 1 mL PBS for 5–30 minutes in 37°C CO2 incubator. After stimulation, cells were fixed in 1.6% paraformaldehyde for 10 minutes at room temperature, spun down and resuspended in 100% cold methanol and incubated overnight at −20°C. Cells were then washed and stained with fluorochrome-conjugated phospho-antibodies: phospho-S6 (N7–548, BD Biosciences), phospho-ERK1/2 (20A, BD Biosciences), phospho-P65 (K10–895.12.50, BD Biosciences), phospho-P38 (36/p38, BD Biosciences), phospho-AKT (pS473, M89-61, BD Biosciences), IκBα (L35A5, Cell Signaling Technology), along with CD3 (HIT3a, BioLegend), CD4 (L200, BD Biosciences), CD45RO (UCHL1, BD Biosciences), CD45RA (HI100, BD Biosciences) antibodies.
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