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16 protocols using digital thermometer

1

Thermoregulatory Responses in Methamphetamine-Treated Rats

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Male Sprague-Dawley rats (Charles River Breeding Laboratories, Raleigh, NC), initially weighing 125 to 150g (corresponding to postnatal day [PND] 40), 245 to 270g (corresponding to PND 60; Spear, 2000 (link); Tirelli et al., 2003 (link)), or 350 to 415g (corresponding to PND 89) were housed 2 to 3 rats per cage and maintained under a controlled light/dark cycle (14:10 hours) in an ambient environment of 20°C (with the exception of the 6-hour period during which METH or saline vehicle was administered during when the ambient environment was maintained at 24°C). During METH or saline administrations, core body (rectal) temperatures were measured using a digital thermometer (Physitemp Instruments, Clifton, NJ) every 1 hour beginning 30 minutes before the first saline or METH administration and continuing until 30 minutes after the final saline or METH administration. Rats were placed in a cooler environment during METH exposure if their body temperature exceeded 40.5°C and returned to their home cage once their body temperature dropped to 40°C. Food and water were available ad libitum. All experiments were approved by the University of Utah Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee in accordance with the National Institutes of Health Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals 8thEdition (Institute of Laboratory Animal Resources, 2011).
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2

Tetrad Test Battery for Mice

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For the tetrad test battery in mice, measurement of spontaneous activity occurred in Plexiglas locomotor activity chambers (47 cm × 25.5 cm × 22 cm). Beam breaks (4 × 8 beam array) were recorded by San Diego Instruments Photobeam Activity System software (San Diego, CA) on a computer located in the experimental room. A standard tail flick device for rodents (Stoelting, Dale, IL) was used to assess antinociception. A digital thermometer (Physitemp Instruments, Inc., Clifton, NJ) was used to measure rectal temperature. The ring immobility device consisted of an elevated metal ring (diameter = 5.5 cm, height = 28 cm) attached to a metal stand.
Mice in the drug discrimination experiment were trained and tested in mouse operant chambers (Coulbourn Instruments, Whitehall, PA), housed within light- and sound-attenuating cubicles. Each chamber contained nose poke apertures, with stimulus lights located over each aperture, and a separate house light. A food dispenser delivered 20-mg food pellets (Bioserv Inc., Frenchtown, NJ) into a food cup (with a light) centered between the two levers/apertures. Illumination of lights, delivery of food pellets, and recording of nose pokes were controlled by a computer-based system (Coulbourn Instruments, Graphic State Software, v 3.03, Whitehall, PA).
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3

Measuring Mouse Body Temperature

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The rectal temperature of mice was examined with a rectal probe attached to a digital thermometer (Physitemp, NJ, USA). At room temperature, the body temperature of the mice was measured using a rectal probe.
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4

Comprehensive Metabolic Phenotyping of Mice

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The fat mass component and lean mass component of mice were measured by a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) system (Bruker, Rheinstetten, Germany). Indirect calorimetry was conducted in a comprehensive laboratory animal‐monitoring system (Columbus Instruments, Columbus, OH), as described previously (Xiao et al., 2017, 2016). Rectal temperature of mice was measured at 14:00 pm by a rectal probe attached to a digital thermometer (Physitemp, NJ, USA). The measurement of daily food intake was also conducted as reported previously (Xiao et al., 2017, 2016).
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5

Behavioral Assays for Rodent Locomotion and Sensory Responses

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Measurement of locomotor activity occurred in standard Plexiglas locomotor activity chambers (47 cm × 25.5 cm × 22 cm). Beam breaks were recorded by San Diego Instruments Photobeam Activity System software (model SDI: V-71215, San Diego, CA, USA) on a computer located in the experimental room. The apparatus contained two 4-beam infrared arrays that measured horizontal movement. A glass beaker filled with water heated to 50°C was used for the warm water tail withdrawal procedure. A digital thermometer (Physitemp Instruments, Inc., Clifton, NJ, USA) was used to measure rectal temperature. Startle sessions were conducted in an enclosed, clear Plexiglas rectangular chamber (15 cm × 10 cm, with ceiling adjustable from 5 to 11 cm high) which rested on a force sensing plate (SM100; Kinder Scientific, Poway, CA, USA). Plexiglas chambers and sensing plates were located inside sound attenuating cabinets. Acoustic stimuli were produced by a noise generator, mounted 8 cm above the top of the chamber. Cabinets were illuminated by a 6-W house light mounted on the ceiling above the chamber. A Dell computer with Kinder Scientific software and interface was used to present stimuli and to record data.
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6

Passive Systemic Anaphylaxis in Mice

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WT and P2rx4−/− mice were intravenously injected with 50 μg of CP48/80 in 100 μL saline. The P2X4R antagonist NP1815-PX (10 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally injected at 15 min before CP48/80 injection. After CP48/80 injection, the rectal temperature was measured every 5 min for 60 min with a digital thermometer (Physitemp Instruments, Clifton, NJ, USA). For MCs reconstitution experiments, WT and P2rx4−/− BMMCs were cultured; after the cells were mature, 5 × 106 cells were injected into MC-deficient KitW-sh/W-sh mice, 4–6 weeks old, via the tail vein. After 16 weeks, the MC-reconstituted KitW-sh/W-sh mice were subjected to CP48/80-induced passive systemic anaphylaxis experiments.
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7

Diurnal Rectal Temperature Monitoring

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Body temperature were measured using a rectal probe attached to a digital thermometer (Physitemp Instruments, Clifton, NJ). Temperatures were collected at ZT 6 (Day) and ZT 18 (Night).
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8

Rectal Temperature Measurement in Mice

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The rectal temperature of mice was examined with a rectal probe attached to a digital thermometer (Physitemp, NJ, USA).
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9

Monitoring Pseudomonas Wound Infection in Mice

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Following wound infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, mice were monitored at least three times a day for seven days (2 (link)). Additionally, the health of mice was also monitored by the animal care veterinary technicians on a daily basis. Mice were checked for signs of morbidity including decreased activity and response to stimuli combined with abnormal posturing and labored breathing. Core body temperature was also measured using a lubricated rectal temperature probe and digital thermometer (Physitemp Instruments INC., Clifton, NJ, USA), as an indicator of morbidity (8 (link), 17 (link)). Mice displaying signs of morbidity and/or body temperature below 28°C, were humanely euthanized under isoflurane anesthesia as non-survivors. To assure proper euthanasia, the unconscious mice underwent cervical dislocation and mortality was confirmed.
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10

Comprehensive Assessment of Murine Body Composition

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The body fat composition of mice was determined using a nuclear magnetic resonance system (Bruker, DE, USA). Indirect calorimetry was measured using a comprehensive lab animal monitoring system (CLAMS; Columbus Instruments, OH, USA)11 (link). Rectal temperatures were measured using a rectal probe attached to a digital thermometer (Physitemp Instruments, NJ, USA). Norepinephrine (NE) levels were assessed using ELISA kits (Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute, Nanjing, China) in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.
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