For morphological and structural characterization, as-grown ZnO NRs were evaluated and imaged using a FEI/Philips XL 20 scanning electron microscope (SEM) operating at 20 kV. All optical measurements for the ZnO NRs-based assays were conducted using a Zeiss Axio Imager A2M microscope (Carl Zeiss, Inc., Thornwood, NY) equipped with an AxioCAM HRm digital camera. The reflected bright-field illumination and unpolarized fluorescence excitation were produced by a 12 V/100 W halogen lamp and 120 W mercury vapor lamp (X-Cite 120Q), respectively. Two different filter modules allowed for the duplexed fluorescence characterization of the green emission from Alexa 488-labeled TNF-α (450–490 nm excitation and 510–540 nm collection) and red emission from Alexa 546-labeled IL-8 (540–552 nm excitation and 575–640 nm collection). Dichromatic beam splitters operating at 495 nm and 560 nm were also employed to separate the excitation light from the collected biomolecular signal for TNF-α and IL-8, respectively. Images were acquired in a dark room setting using a 2 sec exposure through an EC Epiplan-NEOFLUAR 50× magnification objective lens (numerical aperture, NA = 0.8). Images were analyzed using the processing software AxioVision (Carl Zeiss, Inc), Image J (a Java-based program), and Origin 8 (OriginLab Corp.).
Axio imager a2m microscope
Manufactured by Zeiss
Sourced in Germany
The Axio Imager A2M is a motorized upright microscope designed for a variety of imaging applications. It features a compact, modular design and offers a range of illumination techniques, including bright-field, dark-field, and phase contrast. The microscope is equipped with motorized focus, stage, and turret controls for precise specimen positioning and observation.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Stero discovery v20, by Zeiss (4 mentions)
Apotome module, by Zeiss (3 mentions)
Mitotracker red, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (3 mentions)
Axiocam mrc5, by Zeiss (2 mentions)
Hoechst 33342, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
6 well plate, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Imagej, by OriginLab (1 mentions)
Axiocam hrm, by Zeiss (1 mentions)
Axiovision, by Zeiss (1 mentions)
Origin 8, by OriginLab (1 mentions)
Axiovision software, by Zeiss (1 mentions)
Ab217179, by Abcam (1 mentions)
Alexa fluor 488 labeled secondary antibody, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Fei magellan 400 xhr sem, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Pepsin solution, by Zytomed Systems (1 mentions)
Zyto light spec smarcb1 22q12 dual color probe, by ZytoVision (1 mentions)
Cm1860 cryostat, by Leica (1 mentions)
Rm2235 microtome, by Leica (1 mentions)
Image pro plus 3, by Media Cybernetics (1 mentions)
Ecomet automet 250, by Buehler (1 mentions)
29 protocols using axio imager a2m microscope
1
ZnO Nanorods Morphology and Optical Characterization
2
Fungal Colony Morphology and Micromorphology
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
Isolates were cultured on PDA for 7 days at 25 °C (±1 °C) to observe the colony morphology [35 (link)]. Micromorphological features were observed from those cultured on synthetic nutrient-poor agar plates (SNA) [36 ]. The characteristics of sporulation formation, including the length of conidial chains, branching patterns of conidial chains and presence of secondary conidiophores, were captured with a Zeiss stereo microscope (SteRo Discovery v20) [35 (link)]. A ZEISS Axio Imager A2m microscope (Carl Zeiss, Göttingen, Germany) equipped with differential interference contrast (DIC) optics was used to capture conidial chains and conidia. Fifty mature conidia mounted in sterile water were measured at random under a light microscope at ×100 magnification.
3
Onion Penetration Assay and Pathogenicity Evaluation
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
The onion penetration assays was performed following the method described by Xu et al. (1998) (link). Onion epidermal strips were prepared and 20 μl of conidial suspensions were inoculated onto the surface to induce invasive hyphae (IH) development. After 24 h post inoculation, IH were observed under a Zeiss Axio Imager A2m microscope (Carl Zeiss, Jena, Germany). IH were divided into four different types (type I, no hyphal penetration; type II, IH with one branch; type III, IH with at least two branches, but the IH are less extended; type IV, IH with numerous branches and extensive hyphal growth). The experiment was conducted three times, and at least 30 invasive structures were observed for each treatment.
Healthy detached leaves or tissue culture seedlings of Cunninghamia lanceolata, Populus × euramericana cv. ‘Nanlin895’ and Liriodendron chinensis × tulipifera were used to evaluate the pathogenicity of the tested fungal isolates. Conidial suspensions were adjusted to a final concentration of 1 × 105 spores/ml. Five ml of conidial suspensions were inoculated onto the wounded and unwounded leaves of the aforementioned plants. The inoculated leaves and plants were kept in a moist chamber at 25oC. Five days post inoculation, the disease severity was assessed. This experiment conducted three times, and each treatment had at least six replicates.
Healthy detached leaves or tissue culture seedlings of Cunninghamia lanceolata, Populus × euramericana cv. ‘Nanlin895’ and Liriodendron chinensis × tulipifera were used to evaluate the pathogenicity of the tested fungal isolates. Conidial suspensions were adjusted to a final concentration of 1 × 105 spores/ml. Five ml of conidial suspensions were inoculated onto the wounded and unwounded leaves of the aforementioned plants. The inoculated leaves and plants were kept in a moist chamber at 25oC. Five days post inoculation, the disease severity was assessed. This experiment conducted three times, and each treatment had at least six replicates.
4
Fungal Sporulation, Germination, and Penetration Assay
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
For sporulation, the plugs of fungal strains were inoculated in liquid CMC medium [18 ] and the culture was shaken at 150 rpm for 48 h at 25 °C followed by filtering through two layers of Miracloth. Filtrate was centrifuged at 7000 rpm for 8 min using an Eppendorf 5804R centrifuge (Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany), and the centrifugate was washed three times with distilled water after supernatant was decanted.
For conidial germination and appressorium formation, 20 µL of conidial suspension at a concentration of 105 conidia mL−1 were placed on hydrophobic cover slips and incubated at 25 °C as previously described [18 ]. To observe the penetration and invasive hyphae, 10 µL of the conidial suspension were inoculated onto the onion epidermal layers and observed at 18 h post inoculation. At least 30 measures per structure were measured under a ZEISS Axio Imager A2m microscope (Carl Zeiss, Göttingen, Germany).
For conidial germination and appressorium formation, 20 µL of conidial suspension at a concentration of 105 conidia mL−1 were placed on hydrophobic cover slips and incubated at 25 °C as previously described [18 ]. To observe the penetration and invasive hyphae, 10 µL of the conidial suspension were inoculated onto the onion epidermal layers and observed at 18 h post inoculation. At least 30 measures per structure were measured under a ZEISS Axio Imager A2m microscope (Carl Zeiss, Göttingen, Germany).
5
Alternaria Species Morphological Characterization
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
One representative isolate was randomly selected from each Alternaria PCA ) plates (Crous et al. 2009b ) in triplicate at 25 °C. Colony diameters were measured from 3 to 6 days to calculate mycelial growth rates (mm/d). Colony colour, size and density were also recorded. The morphology and size of conidial chains were studied and recorded using a Zeiss stereo microscope (SteRo Discovery v.20). The shape, colour and size of conidiophores and conidia were observed using a ZEISS Axio Imager A2m microscope (ZEISS, Germany) with differential interference contrast (DIC ) optics. At least 30 measurements per structure were performed using Carl Zeiss Axio Vision software to determine their sizes, unless no or fewer individual structures were produced.
6
Microscopic Analysis of Facial Paints
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
Microscopic paint samples were collected from a light, pink flesh tone (forehead, sample X40) and a shadow tone (cheek, sample X39) from the Girl’s face to investigate stylistic and chemical differences. The paint samples were embedded in Technovit 2000 LC mounting resin (Heraeus Kulzer GmbH, Germany) and polished using a sample holder and Micromesh sheets up to grade 12000 (Micro-Surface Finishing Products Inc., Wilton, Iowa, USA) (33 ). A Zeiss Axio Imager.A2m microscope equipped with a Zeiss AxioCam MRc5 digital camera was used to examine the polished cross sections, before scanning electron microscopy–energy-dispersive x-ray analysis.
7
Morphological Characterization of Colletotrichum
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
Morphological examinations focused on the colony characteristics, acervuli, conidiophores, conidiogenous cells, conidia, setae, appressoria, ascomata, asci, and ascospores of representative isolates that were randomly selected from each Colletotrichum species. Mycelial plugs (5 mm diam) from the margin of cultures were transferred to PDA and incubated at 25 °C in the dark. Colony characteristics were photographed with a Canon EOS M50 Mark II camera after 4 d, and colony diameters were measured daily to calculate the mycelial growth rates (mm/d). In order to induce appressorium formation, 10 µL of conidial suspension (106 conidia/mL) was placed on a slide, placed inside plates containing a piece of moistened filter paper with sterile water, and then incubated at 25 °C in dark [77 (link)]. Measurements and morphological descriptions of acervuli, conidiophores, conidiogenous cells, conidia, setae, appressoria, ascomata, asci, and ascospores of the representative isolates were observed using a Zeiss Axio Imager A2m microscope (Carl Zeiss Microscopy, Oberkochen, Germany). Fifty individuals of per structure were measured for each isolate.
8
Fungal Isolate Identification Protocol
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
Nine isolates were cultured on potato dextrose agar (PDA), V8 agar (V-8) and potato–carrot agar (PCA) media at 25 °C in a constant temperature incubator with a 12/12 h light/dark cycle. Morphological identification was based on colony morphology and characteristics of conidia, conidiophores, conidiogenous cells, such as the shape and color of the colony, as well as the shape, size, color, septation, and presence of a beak in the conidia. A Zeiss Axio Imager A2m microscope (Carl Zeiss AG, Oberkochen Germany) and Zeiss stereo microscope (SteRo Discovery v20) were used to observe, describe, and measure conidia and other structures (n = 30).
9
Morphological Characterization of Fungal Isolates
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
The isolates were plated in the center of potato dextrose agar medium (PDA), Czapek Dox agar (CZA), minimal methanol medium (MM), and complete medium (CM) and incubated at 25 °C with a 12/12 h light/dark cycle. Colony characteristics of the cultures were observed after 3 days. Acervuli and conidial masses were observed under a Zeiss stereo microscope (SteRo Discovery v20, Oberkochen, Germany). The morphological characteristics, such as shape, color, septation, and size of 30 conidia, conidiophores, acervuli, appressoria, and setae, were observed and measured under a Zeiss Axio Imager A2m microscope (Carl Zeiss, Oberkochen, Germany), respectively. Appressoria of the isolate were induced from conidia using a slide culture technique [26 ,55 (link)].
To determine the optimal growth temperature for the isolates, mycelial plugs (5 mm diam.) were placed on fresh PDA and incubated at 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35 °C, and colony diameters were recorded daily. Experiments were conducted at five temperatures, with each isolate having three replicates. The experiment was conducted two times.
To determine the optimal growth temperature for the isolates, mycelial plugs (5 mm diam.) were placed on fresh PDA and incubated at 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35 °C, and colony diameters were recorded daily. Experiments were conducted at five temperatures, with each isolate having three replicates. The experiment was conducted two times.
10
Fungal Morphology Characterization Workflow
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
Fresh mycelium blocks were cut from the edge of three-day-old colonies and transferred to fresh PDA medium. After 4 days of incubation in the dark at 25 °C, the colony morphology was observed and recorded.
To observe the morphology of conidia, fresh mycelium pieces were cut off and transferred to fresh potato dextrose broth (PDB) supplemented with 100 mg/L ampicillin sodium. Then, the PDB bottles containing the mycelium pieces were placed on a shaking table and shaken at a rotating speed of 200 rpm in the dark at a temperature of 25 °C. After 2 days, the culture solution was collected and filtered with sterile filter cloths to collect the conidia. Appressoria were induced via cultivation on the surface of a hydrophobic coverslip [39 (link)]. Asci or ascospores were obtained from the ascomata that grew for 2–3 weeks on PDA or SNA in darkness at 25 °C. Then, each structure was observed to generate 30 measurements using a ZEISS Axio Imager A2m microscope (ZEISS), and the size of each structure was measured using the cross-assay method [40 (link)].
To observe the morphology of conidia, fresh mycelium pieces were cut off and transferred to fresh potato dextrose broth (PDB) supplemented with 100 mg/L ampicillin sodium. Then, the PDB bottles containing the mycelium pieces were placed on a shaking table and shaken at a rotating speed of 200 rpm in the dark at a temperature of 25 °C. After 2 days, the culture solution was collected and filtered with sterile filter cloths to collect the conidia. Appressoria were induced via cultivation on the surface of a hydrophobic coverslip [39 (link)]. Asci or ascospores were obtained from the ascomata that grew for 2–3 weeks on PDA or SNA in darkness at 25 °C. Then, each structure was observed to generate 30 measurements using a ZEISS Axio Imager A2m microscope (ZEISS), and the size of each structure was measured using the cross-assay method [40 (link)].
About PubCompare
Our mission is to provide scientists with the largest repository of trustworthy protocols and intelligent analytical tools, thereby offering them extensive information to design robust protocols aimed at minimizing the risk of failures.
We believe that the most crucial aspect is to grant scientists access to a wide range of reliable sources and new useful tools that surpass human capabilities.
However, we trust in allowing scientists to determine how to construct their own protocols based on this information, as they are the experts in their field.
Ready to get started?
Sign up for free.
Registration takes 20 seconds.
Available from any computer
No download required
Revolutionizing how scientists
search and build protocols!