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Mapit

Manufactured by Siemens
Sourced in Germany

MapIt is a high-precision mapping and positioning device designed for various applications. It utilizes advanced sensor technology to accurately capture and analyze spatial data. The core function of MapIt is to provide precise mapping and localization capabilities for users.

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12 protocols using mapit

1

Multimodal MRI Brain Imaging Protocol

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MRI was performed on a 1.5T (Avanto Magnetom; Siemens, Erlangen, Germany) or on a
3T scanner (Skyra; Siemens, Erlangen, Germany). MRI of the brain consisted of an
axial T1-weighted sequence, repetition time (TR) 550 ms, echo time (TE) 8.9 ms,
slice thickness 5 mm; in-plane resolution 0.8984 mm × 0.8984 mm, acquisition
matrix 256 × 216), T2 fat saturation (T2-fs) axial (TR 4000 ms, TE 92 ms, slice
thickness 3 mm, field of view (FOV) 186 × 230 rows, in-plane resolution
0.4492 mm × 0.4492 mm), axial FLAIR sequence (TR 8000 ms, TE 84 ms, slice
thickness 4 mm, acquisition matrix 320 × 210; in-plane resolution 0.7188 mm ×
0.7188 mm), T2 mapping (TR 3100 ms, TE 13.8–165.6 ms with 12 TEs: 13.8 ms,
27.6 ms, 41.4 ms, 55.2 ms, 69 ms, 82.2 ms, 96.6 ms, 110.4 ms, 124.2 ms, 138 ms,
151.8 ms, 165.6 ms) and magnetisation-prepared rapid gradient echo (MPRAGE)
sequence post contrast (TR 2200 ms, TE 2.67 ms, slice thickness 1 mm, inversion
time 900 ms, in-plane resolution 0.9766 × 0.9766 mm, acquisition matrix
256 × 246). T2 maps were reconstructed by using a voxelwise, monoexponential
non-negative least-squares fit analysis (MapIt; Siemens, Erlangen, Germany) with
a voxel size of 1.9 × 1.0 × 3 mm³.
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2

Standardized T2 Mapping Protocol for MRI

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All MR examinations were performed on a 3 T Siemens MAGNETOM Trio with a gradient strength of 40 mT/m and a dedicated 8-channel spine coil (Siemens Healthineers, Erlangen, Germany).
T2 mapping was conducted in the sagittal plane view after the morphological sequences to examine all disks in an equally rested state. For a detailed overview of sequences and parameters used, please see Table 1.
To ensure the technical consistency of the T2 value generation, hardware was identical, and both baseline and follow-up T2 maps were calculated with the MapIt version (Siemens Healthineers, Erlangen, Germany) available at follow-up.
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3

T1 MPRAGE and T2 Mapping for MRI

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MR imaging was performed preoperatively on 1.5 Tesla (Avanto Magnetom; Siemens, Erlangen, Germany) (n = 20) and 3 Tesla (Skyra; Siemens, Erlangen, Germany) (n = 10) scanners with and without contrast media. Dotarem (Guerbet GmbH) or Gadovist (Bayer Healthcare) were administered weight adapted. Following sequences were acquired: T1 magnetization-prepared rapid gradient echo (MPRAGE) transversal, sagittal and coronar post contrast (repetition time (TR) 2200, echo time (TE) 2,67, slice thickness 1 mm, inversion time 900, in-plane resolution 0,9766 × 0,9766 mm, acquisition matrix 256 × 246) and T2 mapping (TR 3100 TE 13,8–165,6 with twelve TEs: 13,8 ms, 27,6 ms, 41,4 ms, 55,2 ms, 69 ms, 82,2 ms, 96,6 ms, 110,4 ms, 124,2 ms, 138 ms, 151,8 ms, 165,6 ms). T2 maps were reconstructed online by using a voxelwise, monoexponential nonnegative least-squares fit analysis (MapIt; Siemens, Erlangen, Germany) with a voxel size of 1.9 × 1.0 × 3 mm3.
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4

Optic Nerve T2 Mapping Analysis

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T2 mapping (TR 3100 ms, TE 13,8 ms - 165,6 ms with twelve TEs: 13,8 ms, 27,6 ms, 41,4 ms, 55,2 ms, 69 ms, 82,2 ms, 96,6 ms, 110,4 ms, 124,2 ms, 138 ms, 151,8 ms, 165,6 ms). T2 maps were online reconstructed by using a voxelwise, monoexponential nonnegative least-squares fit analysis (MapIt; Siemens, Erlangen, Germany) with a voxel size of 1.9 × 1.0 × 3 mm3. A ROI was manually delineated around the optic nerve on the T2 maps (Fig. 1b).
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5

Multi-modal Neuroimaging Data Processing

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Voxel-wise T2 maps were reconstructed with monoexponential nonnegative least-squares fitting of the multi-echo signals (MapIt; Siemens Medical Solutions). T2 maps were registered to T1-weighted images with the parameters of the registration between the first echo T2-weighted image and T1-weighted image. Meanwhile, voxels with T2 values larger than 170 ms were excluded to alleviate cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) contaminations [31 (link)].
The FDG standard uptake value ratios (SUVRs) from PET images were obtained by intensity normalization via global mean scaling to correct individual variations [32 (link)]. The SUVR maps were also registered to T1-weighted images. All image registrations were employed with rigid registration (6 degrees-of-freedom) using SPM12 (https://www.fil.ion.ucl.ac.uk/spm/).
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6

MRI T2 Relaxation Time Measurement

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For MRI image acquisition, a 3.0 Tesla (T) MR scanner (Magnetom Skyra, Siemens Medical Solution) with a gradient strength of 40 mT/m and a dedicated eight-channel spine coil (3 T Spine Matrix Coil, Siemens) was used. To acquire the MRI T2 images, a sagittal, multi-echo and “spine-echo” (SE) protocol was used. We utilised a multi echo-spine sequence for T2 relaxation time measurement (TR: 1400 ms, TE: 11.9, 23.8, 35.7, 47.6, 59.5, 71.4, 83.3, 95.2, 107.1, 119, 130.9, 142.8 ms, FOV: 260 × 260 mm, flip angle: 180°, pixel size: 0.4 × 0.4 mm2, slice thickness: 5 mm, receive bandwidth: 200 Hz/pixel, total acquisition time: 6:18 min). The T2 relaxation times were gained from inline reconstruction T2 maps by pixel-wise, mono-exponential, non-negative least squares (NNLS) fit analysis (MapIt, Siemens Medical Solution, Erlangen, Germany). On top of that, a T2 turbo-spin echo (TSE) sequence to acquire high-resolution morphological MRI (TR: 3500.0 ms, TE: 91.0 ms, FOV: 260 × 260 mm, flip angle: 160°, voxel size: 0.4 × 0.4 × 5.0 mm, acquisition time: 3:46 min) was applied. The sequences were all obtained in the sagittal plane.
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7

Intervertebral Disk Degeneration Assessment via T2 Relaxation Mapping

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The follow-up MRI images were acquired on a 3 Tesla (T) Prisma®scanner (Siemens Healthineers, Erlangen, Germany) with integrated spine coils.
Patients were scanned in supine position. All slices were generated with an
identical field of view of 260 mm, 16 slices, and 4 mm slice thickness to enable
stacking. T2 maps were generated inline by MapIt (Siemens Healthineers,
Erlangen, Germany). The length of the imaging protocol was 8 min and 34 s. Turbo
spin echo (TSE) sequences as specifically listed in Table 1 were used for this
study.
The MRI studies were analyzed both subjectively and objectively. Subjectively,
intervertebral disk conditions were rated based on the 8-graded modified
Pfirrmann score.15 (link) To assess T2 relaxation times (ms) as surrogate
parameter of objective disk degeneration, intervertebral disks were manually
segmented in all slices of the sagittal T1-weighted sequence by using polygonal
regions of interest (ROIs). These ROIs were afterwards applied onto the
corresponding sagittal T2 maps (Fig. 3) with the open-source
software FIJI version 1.49.16 (link) Within each slice, median
values of T2 times were stored to compensate for outlying values due to motion
related mapping artifacts. T2 time for a complete disk was represented by the
mean of the sub-slices medians. In cases of kyphoplasty, the mean distance from
cement rests to the vertebral disks was calculated.
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8

Desmoid Tumor MRI Protocol

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All MRI examinations were carried out at 3T (Magnetom Verio and Skyra; Siemens, Erlangen, Germany). The local MRI protocol for desmoid tumors utilizes conventional T1 weighted turbo spin-echo, proton-density weighted turbo spin-echo with and without fat suppression, and a commercially available T2 mapping sequence (Figure 1). T2 mapping was performed using a multi-echo spin-echo technique, with variable echo times (TE’s) depending on anatomic region (Table 1). The T2 map was derived from a pixel-wise, mono-exponential non-negative least squares fit analysis (MapIt, Siemens Medical Solutions, Erlangen, Germany).
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9

T2 Relaxation Time Measurement of Spinal Cord at 3T

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All MR examinations were performed using a 3T Siemens MAGNETOM Trio (Siemens Healthineers, Erlangen, Germany) with a gradient strength of 40 mT/m and a dedicated eight‐channel spine coil (both Siemens Healthineers, Erlangen, Germany). Morphological assessment was performed using sagittal, axial, and coronal T2w, as well as sagittal T1w images.
T2 relaxation time measurements were conducted in the axial and sagittal plane views, with a time to repetition of 1200 millisecond, an echo train length of 6, with time to echos 13.8, 27.6, 41.4, 55.2, 69.0, and 82.8 millisecond. All sequence parameters are presented in Table 1.
T2 maps were calculated on‐site using MapIt (Siemens Healthineers, Erlangen, Germany). All patients had a lower leg support (15 cm maximum height) placed accordingly during the examination.
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10

Multimodal MRI Evaluation of Intervertebral Discs

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MRI was performed by a 3.0-T MR scanner (Magnetom Skyra, Siemens Healthcare, Erlangen, Germany) with a maximum gradient strength of 45 mT/m and slew rate of 200 mT/m/ms, and equipped with spine matrix coils (Siemens Healthcare). All MR images in this study were obtained in the afternoon to minimize the diurnal variation of T2 values in the IVDs. Pulse sequences included axial, coronal, and sagittal T2-weighted turbo spin echo imaging (repetition time [TR]/echo time[TE], 3000/96 milliseconds; section thickness, 4 mm for sagittal and coronal and 3 mm for axial; intersection gap, 0.4 mm; field of view, 260 mm × 260 mm for sagittal and coronal and 160 mm × 160 mm for axial; matrix, 320 × 240; parallel imaging factor of 2; 2 signals acquired), sagittal T1-weighted turbo spin echo imaging (TR/TE, 550/9 milliseconds; section thickness, 4 mm; intersection gap, 0.4 mm; field of view, 260 mm × 260 mm; matrix, 320 × 240; parallel imaging factor of 2; 2 signals acquired), and sagittal T2 maps (TR/TE, 419/4.36 milliseconds, 11.90, 19.44, 26.98, 34.52, 40.73, 46.50; section thickness, 4 mm; intersection gap, 0.4 mm; field of view, 220 mm × 220 mm; matrix, 288 × 288) were calculated (MapIt, Siemens Healthcare), and mean T2 values were recorded using MMWP workstation (Syngo Multimodality Workplace, Erlangen, Germany).
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