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8 protocols using 4 methylbenzaldehyde

1

Synthesis of Copper-Based Catalyst

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4-Methylbenzaldehyde, 2-Acetylpyridine, KOH, NH3•H2O (25%), CuCl2.2H2O were purchased from Sigma Aldrich and used as received. Ketjen black (KB) was purchased from EC-600JD, Japan. The purification of KB was done by calcining the KBs at 400 °C in Ar for 3 h. Other solvents are of analytical grade and used without further purification.
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2

Synthesis and Antimicrobial Evaluation

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All analytical grade chemicals and solvents were used as commercially received. HAuCl4.3H2O was purchased from S.D. Fine-Chem Ltd. (India.). 2,2-Dipyridylketone, 2-benzoyl pyridine, benzaldehyde, 4-methyl benzaldehyde, 4-bromo benzaldehyde, 4-chloro benzaldehyde, 4-methoxy benzaldehyde, HS-DNA and EDTA were purchased from Sigma Aldrich Chemical Co. (India). Agarose, Luria Broth (LB), ethidium bromide (EtBr), Tris–acetyl–EDTA (TAE) and bromophenol blue were purchased from Himedia (India). Culture for antibacterial activity Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis-7193), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus-3160), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa-1688), Escherichia coli (E. coli-433) and Serratia marcescens (S. marcescens-7103) were purchased from the Institute of Microbial Technology (Chandigarh, India). S. Pombe Var. Paul Linder 3360 was obtained from IMTECH, Chandigarh.
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3

Benzaldehyde Derivatives Synthesis Protocols

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Benzaldehyde (99%), 4-methoxyBenzaldehyde (98%), 4-chloroBenzaldehyde (98%), 4-fluoroBenzaldehyde (98%), 2-fluoroBenzaldehyde (97%), 4-bromoBenzaldehyde (99%), 4-methylBenzaldehyde (97%), 2-furaldehyde (99%), ammonium acetate (97%), 2-chloroBenzaldehyde (99%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. 1,3-Cyclohexadione (97%), acetophenone (98%), malononitrile (99%), and dimedone (99%) were acquired from Acros.
Ethyl acetate (for analysis EMSURE ACS, ISO, Reag. Ph Eur) and acetone (for analysis EMPARTA ACS) were acquired from Merck. Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) was conducted using aluminum plates (F-254) covered with silica gel. The experiment included the use of silica gel (230–400 mesh, Merck) for column chromatography.
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4

Pig Blood Lipid Membrane Analysis

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The pig blood for testing came from the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of the Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences. The material for testing was obtained during the standard diagnostic procedure.
Human serum albumin (lyophilized powder, essentially fatty acid free), 2′-hydroxyacetophenone, 4-methylbenzaldehyde, deuterium oxide (D2O), egg yolk phosphatidylcholine (PC) were purchased from Sigma–Aldrich. The probes1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene (DPH) and Laurdan were purchased from Molecular Probes (Eugene, OR, USA).
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5

Chromium Ion Determination Protocol

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All the chemicals and reagents used in the current study were used as received. Cyclohexanone (Merck) 4methylbenzaldehyde (Sigma Aldrich), sodium hydroxide (Alfa Aesar), methanol (Sigma Aldrich), Acetonitrile (Merck). Quartz cuvette was used for uorometric chromium ion determination. All salts, in the form of sulphate, hydroxide and chloride form including Cd
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6

Synthesis and Characterization of Nickel(II) Catalyst for A³ Coupling Reaction

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All materials were provided from mercantile reagent sources and utilized without extra refinement. Nickel(II) chloride hexahydrate (99%), ethylenediamine (99%), ammonium oxalate (99.5%), and sodium perchlorate were purchased from Sigma Aldrich and utilized for the synthesis of [Ni2(en)4(ox)](ClO4)2. Phenylacetylene (98%), propargyl alcohol (99%), morpholine (99%), piperidine (99%), benzaldehyde (99%), 4-methylbenzaldehyde (97%), furfural (98%), 1-methylpyrrole-2-carboxaldehyde (98%) were purchased from Merck and used for the A3-coupling reaction. All solvents used in this work, consist of N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), ethanol, methanol, n-hexane, ethyl acetate, toluene, tetrahydrofuran (THF), acetonitrile dichloromethane and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), were of analytical grade. An ATR-FTIR PerkinElmer (model: Spectromrx) apparatus was employed for the determination of IR absorption peaks of complex 1 after and before use it as an A3-coupling reaction catalyst. UV–vis absorption spectrum of the fresh and reused catalyst was recorded by Shimadzu UV-160A spectrophotometer. Energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS) elemental analysis was performed by a TESCAN (model: MIRA II, detector: SAMX) FESEM apparatus which has an EDS facility attachment.
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7

Synthesis of Organic Compounds: A Comprehensive Approach

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Copper
nitrate trihydrate
(Merck-AR), sodium hydroxide (Merck-LR), poly(acrylic acid) (weight
average molecular weight MW ∼240000
by GPC, 25 wt % in H2O) (Sigma-Aldrich-AR), l-ascorbic
acid (S.D. Fine Chemicals-LR), sodium ascorbate (Merck-LR), propargyl
bromide (Merck-LR), 2-aminophenol (Merck-LR), 2-aminothiophenol (Merck-LR),
4-methylcinnamic acid (Merck-LR), 4-methyl benzaldehyde (Merck-LR),
phosphorus oxychloride (Merck-LR), pyrocatechol (Merck-LR), acetylene
(National Oxygen Limited), N-bromosuccinimide (NBS)
(S.D. Fine Chemicals-LR), benzoyl peroxide (Merck-LR), potassium carbonate
(Merck-LR), sodium bicarbonate (Merck-LR), sodium sulfate (Merck-LR),
dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO( (Merck-AR), dimethylformamide (DMF) (Merck-AR),
tetrahydrofuran (THF) (Merck-LR), hexane (Merck-LR), acetone (S.D.
Fine Chemicals-AR), chloroform (CHCl3) (S.D. Fine Chemicals-AR),
tetrachloromethane (S.D. Fine Chemicals-AR), methanol (S.D. Fine Chemicals-AR),
ethanol (S.D. Fine Chemicals-AR), and double distilled water were
used.
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8

Synthesis of Substituted Pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazoles

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Phenylhydrazine (97%), ethyl acetoacetate (99%), malononitrile (99%), 4-nitroBenzaldehyde (98%), furfural (99%), 5-nitro-2-furaldehyde (99%), 4-fluoroBenzaldehyde (98%), 4-chloroBenzaldehyde (97%), 4-bromoBenzaldehyde (99%), and p-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate (TsOH) (ACS grade reagent, assay ≥ 98.5%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Benzaldehyde, 4-methylBenzaldehyde, 4-methoxyBenzaldehyde, aniline, ethanol, TLC (silica gel 60 F254), sulfuric acid (98%), hydrochloric acid (1 mol L−1), and ortho-phosphoric acid (85%) were purchased from Merck. Ethyl acetate (99.5%) and n-hexane (99.5%) were purchased from Xilong Chemical Co., Ltd (China).
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