Calcein acetoxymethyl ca am

Anti-malarial drugs, pyrimethamine (PYR, MW = 249) and dihydroartemisinin (DHA, MW = 284) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Company (St. Louis, MO, USA). DFO (desferrioxamine mesylate or Desferal^®, MW = 657) was from the Novartis Pharma, Basel, Switzerland, Chiang Mai. DFP (GPO-L-One^® or L1, MW = 139) and DFX (Exjade^®, MW = 373) were kindly supplied by the Institute of Research and Development, Government Pharmaceutical Organization, Bangkok, Thailand. SYBR Green I nucleic acid gel-stain (10,000× concentrate in DMSO, Cat. No. S9430) was purchased from Invitrogen, Molecular Probes (Eugene, OR, USA). Calcein acetoxymethyl (CA-AM) was purchased from Invitrogen^® Corporation (CA, USA). 2′,7′-Dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) and epigallocatechin 3-gallate (EGCG, MW = 458) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Company (St. Louis, MO, USA). SYTO^® 61 red fluorescent nucleic acid dye (Cat. No. S11343) was purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. (Waltham, MA, USA).

Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)(density 1.10 g/mL) was purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc. (Dallas, TX, USA), whereas 1,2-dimethyl-3-hydroxypyridin-4-one, DFP or GPO-L-One^® (MW = 139), was kindly donated by the Institute of Research and Development, Government Pharmaceutical Organization, Bangkok, Thailand. Additionally, 1-octanol (MW = 130.23, CAS-No 111–87–5), Wright–Giemsa staining solution, lysis buffer, fetal bovine serum (FBS) and pyrimethamine (PYR, MW = 248.7) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Chemicals Company (St. Louis, MO, USA). Calcein acetoxymethyl (CA-AM, 1 mg/mL in DMSO, Catalogue Number C3099), 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT, Catalogue Number M6494), SYBR Green I nucleic acid gel-stain (10,000× concentrate in DMSO, Catalogue Number S7563) and SYTO^®61 red-fluorescent nucleic acid dye (Catalogue Number S11343) were purchased from Invitrogen, Molecular Probes (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA). RPMI-1640 (Gibco^®Invitrogen) incomplete medium and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) were purchased from Life Technologies Corporation (Carlsbad, CA, USA.)

Calcein acetoxymethyl (CA-AM) and JC-1 dye were purchased from Invitrogen^® Corporation (Carlsbad, CA, USA). Furthermore, 2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), ferric chloride (FeCl₃), 1,1,3,3-tetramethoxypropane (TMP), thiobarbituric acid (TBA), α-tocopherol (TC), thiobarbituric acid (TBA), and 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Chemicals Company (St. Louis, MO, USA). Bradford's reagent was purchased from Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. (Hercules, CA, USA). Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM), Ham's F12 Nutrient Mixture, fetal bovine serum (FBS), phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) pH 7.0, and penicillin-streptomycin were purchased from Gibco Laboratories (Gaithersburg, MD, USA).