At the time of recording ECG, the rats were anaesthetized using ketamine hydrochloride (100 mg/kg BW) via intraperitoneal injection (Kannan & Quine, 2011). Using three 12 mm long needle 29 gauge electrodes, Animal Bio Amp and PowerLab 8/35 (AD Instruments, Australia) ECG was done and the results were analysed using LabChart Pro software (N = 4). The changes in heart rate (bpm), RR- interval, P- duration, QRS interval, QT interval (ms), and ST height (mV) were recorded.
Animal bio amp
Manufactured by ADInstruments
Sourced in United States, Australia
The Animal Bio Amp is a compact, versatile amplifier designed for recording biopotential signals from animals in a laboratory setting. It provides high-quality signal amplification and processing capabilities to support a wide range of research applications.
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Lab products found in correlation
Powerlab 8 30, by ADInstruments (7 mentions)
Labchart 8, by ADInstruments (6 mentions)
Powerlab 4 35, by ADInstruments (3 mentions)
Powerlab data acquisition system, by ADInstruments (3 mentions)
Powerlab 8 35, by ADInstruments (2 mentions)
Labchart software, by ADInstruments (2 mentions)
Labchart 7 pro, by ADInstruments (2 mentions)
Stimulus isolator, by ADInstruments (1 mentions)
Powerlab 4 20t, by ADInstruments (1 mentions)
Powerlab 4 30 system, by ADInstruments (1 mentions)
Mla1213, by ADInstruments (1 mentions)
Labchart, by ADInstruments (1 mentions)
Labchart 7, by ADInstruments (1 mentions)
Powerlab 4sp, by ADInstruments (1 mentions)
Freestyle freedom lite, by Abbott (1 mentions)
Fe221, by ADInstruments (1 mentions)
Fe136, by ADInstruments (1 mentions)
Freestyle lite, by Abbott (1 mentions)
Labchart pro, by ADInstruments (1 mentions)
Powerlab 16 30, by ADInstruments (1 mentions)
25 protocols using animal bio amp
1
Rat Electrocardiography under Ketamine
2
Visceromotor Response Measurement in Rodents
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The Visceromotor Response (VMR) to colorectal balloon distension (CRD) was used as an objective measure of visceral sensitivity in animals. Two EMG electrodes were sutured into the external oblique abdominal muscle under deep anesthesia and exteriorized dorsally [87 (link)]. VMR assessment were carried out under light anesthesia (Isoflurane 2%). A lubricated latex balloon (length: 4.5 cm), assembled to an embolectomy catheter and connected to a syringe filled with water was used to perform colorectal distension. A syringe was used to fill the balloon placed into the colon with various volumes of water (0.5, 1, 2, 3 mL). The electrodes were relayed to a data acquisition system and the corresponding EMG signal was recorded, amplified, and filtered (Animal Bio Amp, ADInstruments, Colorado Springs, CO, USA), digitized (PowerLab 4/35, ADIinstruments, Colorado Springs, CO, USA), analyzed, and quantified using LabChart 8 (ADInstruments, Colorado Springs, CO, USA). To quantify the magnitude of the VMR at each distension volume, the area under the curve (AUC) immediately before the distension (30 s) was subtracted from the AUC during the balloon distension (30 s), and responses were expressed as percentage increase from the baseline. The time elapsed between two consecutive distensions was 5 min. The measurements were carried out 7 and 14 days after DNBS administration.
3
Quantitative Assessment of Visceral Sensitivity
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The extent of the abdominal contractions (VMR) due to colorectal distension was measured by performing electromyography (EMG) on the abdominal muscles and used as a quantitative measure of visceral sensitivity in the rats. Two EMG electrodes were sutured into the external oblique abdominal muscles of the animals under anesthesia and exteriorized dorsally [25 (link)]. VMR assessment was carried out under light anesthesia (2% isoflurane). A lubricated latex balloon (length: 4.5 cm) was attached on an embolectomy catheter and connected to a water-filled syringe used to perform colorectal distension (CRD). The syringe was used to fill the balloon placed into the colon with increasing volumes of water (0.5, 1, 2, and 3 mL, referred to as the distension volume). After colorectal stimulation, the EMG signal was recorded, amplified and filtered (Animal Bio Amp, ADInstruments, Colorado Springs, CO, USA), digitized (PowerLab 4/35, ADInstruments), analyzed, and quantified using LabChart 8 (ADInstruments). To quantify the VMR magnitude under each distension volume, the area under the curve (AUC) immediately before distension (30 s) was subtracted from the AUC during balloon distension (30 s), and the responses were expressed as a percentage increase from the baseline. The time elapsed between two consecutive distensions was 5 min. The entire measurement process lasted about 25 min.
4
Autonomic Regulation of Cardiac Conduction
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The hearts of 13 WT and 13 Akita mice were isolated and Langendorff‐perfused, as described earlier.21 In short, the excised heart was quickly cannulated and retrogradely perfused with HEPES‐buffered tyrode solution bubbled with 100% O2, and the preparation was maintained at 36±1°C. Volume‐conducted ECG in lead II configuration was recorded using the PowerLab digitizer and the animal BioAmp from AD Instruments. As we have done previously,21 PVG was stimulated via a bipolar electrode using high‐frequency monophasic pulses (200 Hz, 300 μs, and 400 μA; Stimulus Isolator, AD Instruments) applied in trains of durations 300, 500, 700, and 1200 ms.21 Intervals between trains were at least 2 minutes. Stimuli were subthreshold for atrial myocardial excitation. The P‐P intervals were measured before and after stimulation in the absence and presence of 100 μmol/L propranolol and/ or 10 μmol/L atropine in the perfusate.
5
Anesthesia and ECG Monitoring in Mice
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Mice were anesthetized with isoflurane (3% for induction and 1.5% for maintenance) via inhalation using a laboratory animal anesthesia machine (Vet Equipment Inc., Pleasanton, CA, USA). Following anesthesia, electrodes were inserted subcutaneously in the left and right forelimbs and left hindlimb in all animals 7 weeks after the administration of the tamoxifen injections. ECG recordings were performed using a PowerLab 4/20T with an animal BioAmp (ADInstruments, Sydney, Australia).
6
Cardiac Arrhythmia Assessment in Animal Model
7
Cardiac Response to Isoproterenol in Mice
8
Functional ECG Analysis in Mice
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Functional testing of the mice’s hearts using ECG was performed as described previously [24 (link)]. The mice were maintained on a 12:12 h dark–light cycle with lights switched on at 6:00 am. All procedures took place during the light phase. Anesthesia was initially induced by placing the mice for 3–5 min in a chamber filled with 3% volume-to-volume isoflurane (Aesica Pharmaceuticals, Hertfordshire, UK). The mice were then positioned on a warm pad (ALA Scientific Instruments, New York, NY, USA) that maintained their temperature during ECG recording. The mice were able to breath freely through a nose cone. Anesthesia was maintained by inhalation of 1.5% isoflurane. Continuous 5-min ECGs were obtained using subcutaneous electrodes attached to the four limbs and recorded via a PowerLab data acquisition system (model ML866, ADInstruments, Colorado Springs, CO, USA) and Animal Bio Amp (model ML136, ADInstruments). The ECG analysis was performed in an unbiased fashion with 1500 beats being analyzed using LabChart 7 Pro version 7.3.1 (ADInstruments). Detection and analysis of QTc interval, QRS intervals, Tpeak-Tend intervals were set to Mouse ECG parameters. The values obtained were compared statistically by the Mann–Whitney U test, and a p < 0.05 was accepted as significant.
9
Hemodynamic Monitoring in Anesthetized Rats
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Male Wistar rats were anesthetized with urethane (40 μg·kg−1, i.p.). Following tracheal cannulation, the anesthetized rats were mechanically ventilated, and the femoral artery was cannulated for continuous monitoring of mean arterial blood pressure and heart rate. Mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) was measured in the PA of open chest rats. Hemodynamic parameters were recorded with a pressure transducer (ADInstruments Powerlab/4SP, ML 750, USA) connected to a pressure processor amplifier (Animal Bio Amp, ADInstruments, FE 136) and signal conditioner (ADInstruments, FE 221). Non fasting blood glucose measurements were obtained through a blood drop from a cannulated femoral artery using a handheld glucometer and One-Touch glucometer strips (FreeStyle Lite and FreeStyle Freedom Lite, Abbott, USA). After the blood had been collected from the femoral arteries into heparinized tubes, all experimental rats underwent saline perfusion followed by removal of the right middle lung which was stored at −80 °C until Western blot analysis. Perfusion with 10% formalin was then performed followed by removal of the right lower lung and heart which were soaked in 10% formalin and stored at 4 °C for future tissue sampling and assessment of the degree of right ventricular hypertrophy.
10
Zebrafish ECG Recording Protocol
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Electrocardiogram (ECG) was recorded for wild-type (bh+/+) and mutant (bh−/−) zebrafish aged 9 months (Milan et al., 2006 (link)). ECG recordings were obtained by inserting two needle electrodes (AD Instruments, Animal Bioamp) through the ventral epidermis. Fish were perfused orally to support continuous hydration and oxygenation. Motion artifacts were eliminated with a paralytic dose of tuberculin (Life technologies). The use of a perfusion system facilitated stable recording for >6 h. Data analysis was done using AD Instrument LabChart software. N = 10 fish were analyzed in each group.
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