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Somatom plus 4

Manufactured by Siemens
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The Somatom Plus 4 is a computed tomography (CT) scanner developed by Siemens. It is designed to capture high-quality images of the human body for diagnostic purposes. The Somatom Plus 4 utilizes advanced imaging technology to produce detailed, cross-sectional images of the body's internal structures.

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Lab products found in correlation

Lightspeed ultra, by GE Healthcare (3 mentions) Somatom definition, by Siemens (2 mentions) Somatom sensation 64, by Siemens (2 mentions) 9800 advantage, by GE Healthcare (2 mentions) Mx8000, by Philips (2 mentions) Qdr 4500, by Hologic (2 mentions) Intellivue mp70, by Philips (1 mentions) Hispeed advantage, by GE Healthcare (1 mentions) Sensation 16, by Siemens (1 mentions) Discovery hd 750, by GE Healthcare (1 mentions) Revolution ct, by GE Healthcare (1 mentions) Lightspeed vct, by GE Healthcare (1 mentions) Synapse vincent, by Fujifilm (1 mentions) Volume zoom, by Siemens (1 mentions) Emotion 6, by Siemens (1 mentions) Somatom sensation 16, by Siemens (1 mentions) Lightspeed plus, by Siemens (1 mentions) Lightspeed ultra, by Siemens (1 mentions)

17 protocols using somatom plus 4

1

Acute Brain Imaging Protocol for Clinical Trials

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CT-scans were performed with three different units (GE Medical System Light Speed Ultra or Light Speed Plus, Siemens Somatom Plus 4). Helical transverse scans were obtained from skull base to top of head. X-ray tube voltage was 120 kV or 140 kV. Image slice thickness was 5 mm (7,5 mm supratentorium in Siemens Somatom Plus 4). CECT scans were obtained after injection of contrast medium (Omnipaque 350 mg/ml).
The neuroradiologist (P.V.) reviewed all scans blinded to information other than the time of birth and sex of the patient. Emergent imaging findings prompting acute changes in treatment were predefined as intracranial haemorrhage, acute ischemia, CNS infection, mass effect, midline shift, obstructive hydrocephalus and/or generalized or focal brain oedema. This definition was chosen, as these pathologies prompt either surgical intervention, initiation of medication (e.g. anticoagulation, antibiotics or corticosteroid treatment), or hospitalization. NCCT and CECT images were analyzed separately, in a randomized manner. A structured eCRF (Openclinica) was filled in for each image.
Kotisaari K., Virtanen P., Forss N., Strbian D, & Scheperjans F. (2017). Emergency computed tomography in patients with first seizure. Seizure, 48.
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2

Comprehensive Body Composition Assessment

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Body mass index was calculated as weight/height2 (kg/m2), and waist circumference was measured at the midpoint between the lower border of the rib cage and the iliac crest. A whole body DXA scan was performed for each patient to measure total and regional lean mass (kg), total body fat (kg) and total body fat percentage (%) using fan-beam technology (QDR 4500; Hologic, Bedford, MA, USA). Appendicular skeletal muscle mass (kg) and skeletal muscle mass index (SMI [%] = total skeletal muscle mass [kg]/weight [kg]×100) were obtained as previously described [14] (link), [15] (link).
The abdominal adipose tissue area was quantified by CT (Somatom Plus 4; Siemens, Forchheim, Germany). Visceral fat area was calculated from a 10-mm CT slice scan image between the fourth and fifth lumbar vertebrae that was obtained during suspended respiration. VFA was quantified by delineating the intra-abdominal cavity at the internal aspect of the abdominal and oblique muscle walls surrounding the cavity and the posterior aspect of the vertebral body. Fat attenuation was determined by measuring the mean value of the pixels within a range of −190 to −30 Hounsfield units.
Kim T.N., Park M.S., Kim Y.J., Lee E.J., Kim M.K., Kim J.M., Ko K.S., Rhee B.D, & Won J.C. (2014). Association of Low Muscle Mass and Combined Low Muscle Mass and Visceral Obesity with Low Cardiorespiratory Fitness. PLoS ONE, 9(6), e100118.
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3

Low-Dose CT Lung Imaging Protocol

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Eleven cases and 19 controls included in this study underwent single-slice helical scanning (Somatom Plus 4; Siemens; Erlangen, Germany) at low-dose settings (140 kVp, 43 mAs) and 1.5 pitch with a collimation of 8 mm, providing. The rest of the cohort was scanned using a sixty-four slice multidetector CT scanner (Somatom Sensation 64, Somatom Definition, Siemens Healthcare, Erlangen, Germany) at a low-dose setting (120 kV tube voltage, 40 mAs tube current, 64x0.6 mm slice collimation, 0.5 s gantry rotation time, 1.4 pitch, 1 mm slice thickness, 1 mm reconstruction interval). Examinations were acquired with patients in the supine position, in cranio-caudal direction and at end-inspiration. Resulting images were reconstructed with a high convolution reconstruction algorithm (B60) and lung window [21 ].
González J., Henschke C.I., Yankelevitz D.F., Seijo L.M., Reeves A.P., Yip R., Xie Y., Chung M., Sánchez-Salcedo P., Alcaide A.B., Campo A., Bertó J., del Mar Ocón M., Pueyo J., Bastarrika G., de-Torres J.P, & Zulueta J.J. (2019). Emphysema phenotypes and lung cancer risk. PLoS ONE, 14(7), e0219187.
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4

Comprehensive Body Composition Assessment

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Weight and height were measured by trained clinical trial center staff while participants wore lightweight clothing without shoes. Weight was measured to the nearest 0.1 kg and height to the nearest millimeter. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated as the ratio of weight to the square of the height. Waist circumference (WC) was measured at the midpoint between the lower edge of the costal arch and the top of the iliac crest. After five minutes of rest, SBP and DBP were measured (in mmHg) in a seated position with a patient monitor (IntelliVue MP70, Phillips Medical Systems, Eindhoven, Netherlands). All participants underwent body composition analysis. Body composition, including percentage body fat (PBF) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), was also assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), with a commercially available body analyzer (InBody 3.0, Biospace, Seoul, Korea). Participants were scanned in the supine position using a Siemens CT scanner (Somatom Plus 4). Visceral and subcutaneous fat were analyzed in a single 10 mm thick slice at the L4 vertebral level.
Kim M.G., Cho B.H., Chae S.W., Park T.S, & Kim D.S. (2015). What Do Very Low Plasma Concentrations of High-sensitivity C-reactive Protein (hs-CRP) Mean among Healthy Middle-aged Koreans?. Journal of Lifestyle Medicine, 5(1), 14-20.
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5

Adiposity Measures in Health ABC Study

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In the present analysis measures of adiposity were collected during the baseline clinical visit. Health ABC adiposity measures are described in detail elsewhere.27 (link), 28 (link) In brief, body weight and height were measured without shoes in a hospital gown on a calibrated balance-beam scale and stadiometer. BMI was calculated by dividing weight by height squared. Abdominal circumference was measured between the lower margin of the last palpable rib and the top of the iliac crest, at the level of maximum circumference using a flexible inelastic fiberglass tape, with the tape parallel to the floor. Subcutaneous and visceral abdominal fat areas were quantified by computed tomography (University of Tennessee Health Science Center: Somatom Plus 4, Siemens, Erlangen, Germany, and PQ 2000S, Marconi Medical Systems, Cleveland, OH, USA; University of Pittsburgh: 9800 Advantage, General Electric, Milwaukee, WI, US). Total fat mass was measured using whole-body dual X-ray absorptiometry (Hologic QDR 4500 software, versions 8.2–12.5 Bedford, MA, USA) and percent fat mass was calculated by dividing total fat mass by total body mass.
Aronis K.N., Wang N., Phillips C.L., Benjamin E.J., Marcus G.M., Newman A.B., Rodondi N., Satterfield S., Harris T.B, & Magnani J.W. (2015). Associations of Obesity and Body Fat Distribution with Incident Atrial Fibrillation in the Biracial Health Aging and Body Composition Cohort of Older Adults. American heart journal, 170(3), 498-505.e2.
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6

Assessing Vertebral Deformities via CT Scans

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Lateral scout scans were obtained in a subset of participants (n = 1038) at the baseline visit to determine placement for computed tomography (CT) abdominal scans. Images were obtained in Pittsburgh using a 9800 Advantage (General Electric, Milwaukee, WI, USA) and in Memphis using a Somatom Plus 4 (Siemens, Erlangen, Germany) or a Picker PQ 2000S (Marconi Medical Systems, Cleveland, OH, USA). The CT lateral scout scans were assessed and graded for prevalent vertebral deformities by a radiologist, blinded to the diabetes status of the participants. A semiquantitative grade of 2, indicating a moderate deformity with a 25% to 40% height reduction, or grade 3, indicating a severe deformity with >40% height reduction, was defined as vertebral fracture.
Dhaliwal R., Ewing S.K., Vashishth D., Semba R.D, & Schwartz A.V. (2021). Greater Carboxy-Methyl-Lysine Is Associated With Increased Fracture Risk in Type 2 Diabetes. Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research, 37(2), 265-272.
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7

Whole-body CT Scans of Chilled Fish

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After slaughtering, the fish were chilled immediately using ice-cube-filled
boxes. Within 6  h , whole-body scans were performed with all fish using
a Siemens Somatom Plus 4 (Siemens, Germany). During one CT scan, four fish
were positioned in parallel in an upright position using the above-described
containers without water filling. Transversal sectional images were
generated. The time required for full-body scans was 10–15  min per group
of four fish depending on the length. The following settings were selected:
voxel width 0.585938  mm , voxel height 0.585938  mm , slice thickness 3  mm ,
voltage 140  kV , rotation time 1  s , dosage 146  mA .
Maas P., Grzegrzółka B., Kreß P., Oberle M., Judas M, & Kremer-Rücker P.V. (2020). Prediction of body composition in mirror carp (Cyprinus carpio) by using linear measurements in vivo and computed tomography post-mortem. Archives Animal Breeding, 63(1), 69-80.
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8

Chest CT Imaging Protocol for GGN Diagnosis

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CT images were acquired using various instruments, including a Somatom Plus 4 (Siemens, Erlangen, Germany), LightSpeed Ultra (GE Medical Systems, Milwaukee, WI), and an Mx8000 (Philips Medical System, Andover, MA). Scanning was performed from the thoracic inlet to the lung base, with the patient at full inspiration; intravenous contrast material was not used. Images were obtained using a level of −600 Hounsfield units (HU) and a width of 1500 HU (lung window). All high resolution CT images were reconstructed into 0.625-mm-thick sections, with a tube voltage of 120–140 kV, tube current of 200–400 mA, and a 512 × 512 matrix, using a bone algorithm axial reconstruction and filtered back projection algorithm. CT images used to diagnose GGN were re-reviewed by two thoracic radiologists (QG W, LF Z), each having more than 12 years of experience in reading chest CT images, blinded to the lesion pathology.
Peng M., Yu G., Zhang C., Li C, & Wang J. (2017). Three-dimensional substructure measurements for the differential diagnosis of ground glass nodules. BMC Pulmonary Medicine, 17, 93.
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9

Lung CT Scans for Nodule Segmentation

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Axial lung CT scans were obtained from two CT scanners in the Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital: Sensation-16, Somatom Plus 4 (Siemens Medical Systems, Erlangen, Germany), LightSpeed Ultra, and HiSpeed Advantage (GE Medical Systems, Milwaukee, WI, USA). More detailed scanning parameters are summarized as follows. The tube voltage was 120 kVp, and the X-ray tube currents were in the range of 100–200 mA. Slice thicknesses were 1.0–1.25 mm. The image resolution and size were 1.467 pixels per mm and 0.68 × 0.6 mm, respectively. The size of each scan was 512 × 512 with 12 bits per pixel. We obtained a total of four data sets, which consisted of about 15–40 slices, and we used a total 40 images containing nodules, which were randomly selected for testing the segmentation methods. Clinical and radiologic diagnoses were made by two experienced radiologists.
Kim Y.J., Lee S.H., Park C.M, & Kim K.G. (2016). Evaluation of Semi-automatic Segmentation Methods for Persistent Ground Glass Nodules on Thin-Section CT Scans. Healthcare Informatics Research, 22(4), 305-315.
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10

Spiral CT Protocol for Lung Imaging

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All scans were performed using the spiral CT (Somatom Plus 4; Siemens) with settings of 120 kVp, 170 mA, 2-mm slice thickness, rotation feed of 2 mm/s, and a reconstruction interval of 1 mm (total 61 scans per set) during a single breath hold for ∼24 s at FRC or TLC and moved caudally. A reference scan was acquired prior to each spiral CT scan set to ensure reproducible image location in the lung. The images were reconstructed as 16-bit 512 × 512 matrix using a field of view of 200 mm. Images were reconstructed with the use of a high-spatial frequency (resolution) algorithm that enhanced edge detection, at a window level of −450 Hounsfield units (HU) and a window width of 1,350 HU. All airways visualized approximately perpendicular to the scan plane (long- to short-axis ratio less than 1.5:1) were assessed. For repeated airway measurements in a given study participant, adjacent anatomic landmarks, such as airway or vascular branching points, were identified on the HRCT images obtained at FRC and again on the TLC scans.
Brown R.H, & Togias A. (2016). Measurement of intraindividual airway tone heterogeneity and its importance in asthma. Journal of Applied Physiology, 121(1), 223-232.
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