Anhydrous ethanol

Tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), CDDP, Dopamine hydrochloride (DA), ammonium hydroxide solution (NH₃·H₂O, ∼28% NH₃ in water) and Anhydrous ethanol originated from Shanghai Maclin Biochemical Technology Co., LTD. Phosphate buffer solution (PBS) and Trimethylol aminomethane hydrochloric acid (Tris-HCl) were purchased from Beijing Coolaber Technology Co., LTD. Moreover, potassium permanganate (KMnO₄) and sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃) were offered by Henan Yaoye Chemical Products Co., LTD. Amino Cy5.5 (NH₂-Cy5.5) was purchased from Solarbio Biotechnology Co., LTD. The Millipore system (Milli-Q, 18.2 MX cm) was used to purify deionized water (H₂O). All other chemicals were received in good time and were of reagent quality.

Beer yeast sludge (containing Saccharomyces cerevisiae) was collected after the fermentation process in Wuchuan Yanjing brewery and further purification or modification, were finished in the laboratory. Real petrochemical wastewater samples were collected from the discharged sewage of Maoming Petrochemical Refining Co., Ltd (Guangdong, China). The other chemicals in this study were consumed as provided by suppliers without any further modifications. Formaldehyde, anhydrous ethanol, polyethylene glycol (molar mass: 600), K₂Cr₂O₇, 1,5-diphenyl carbazide, FeCl₃·6H₂O and FeCl₂·4H₂O were purchased from Shanghai McLean Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, sodium hydroxide and ammonia water were provided by Tianjin Damao Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Tianjin, China).

The seeds of G. uralensis utilized for the experiment were provided by the Institute of Licorice at Shihezi University (Shihezi, China). The standards of glycyrrhizic acid (Batch No.: C11654946), glycyrrhizin (Batch No.: C11602211), glycyrrhizin (Batch No.: C10828731), methanol, formic acid, anhydrous ethanol, 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (Batch No.: C298-96-4), ethyl acetate, KH₂PO₄, 2,4-dinitrophenol indicator, NaOH, ammonium vanadate, aluminum trichloride, and sulfuric acid were purchased from Macklin Biochemical (Shanghai Macklin Biochemical Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China); acetonitrile was purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific (LCMS-level, Thermo Fisher Scientific Co., Ltd., Waltham, MA, USA); nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide were purchased from Adamus Reagent (Adamas Reagent Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China).

HCCP and DABA were provided by energy chemical Co., Ltd. (ShangHai, China). Triethylamine, acetonitrile, and anhydrous ethanol were purchased from Macklin Co., Ltd. (ShangHai, China). PA66 was supplied by Dupont China Co., Ltd. (ShangHai, China).

Calcium nitrate tetrahydrate (Ca(NO₃)₂·4H₂O), ammonium phosphate dibasic ((NH₄)₂HPO₄), and Span 80 were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Ammonium hydroxide solution (NH₃·H₂O), anhydrous ethanol, soluble starch, trisodium trimetaphosphate, poly (ethylene glycol) (average Mn = 4,000), and olive oil were purchased from Macklin Biochemical Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China).