Uv 2600 spectrometer

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM, Zeiss Supra 40) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM, Hitachi HT7700) were used to investigate the morphology and structure of the samples. Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS, X-Max, Oxford) was used to analyze the constituent elements of the samples. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis was performed with a Philips X’Pert PRO SUPER X-ray diffractometer (Cu K α radiation). The mechanical properties of the as-prepared films were measured in tensile modern using Instron 5565 A testing machine at a load speed of 0.04 mm sec⁻¹. The as-prepared films mechanical performance in wet condition were measured immediately after spraying water mist (~5 μL/s) onto the tested films for 3 s. The UV-visible (UV-Vis) spectrums of SA and AGSA films with the thickness of around 30 μm were measured by Shimadzu UV-2600 spectrometer. Inductive coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometer (ICP-AES, Perkin Elmer Optima 7300 DV) was used to determine the concentration of the released Ag⁺ ions. The mechanical properties of as-prepared films were measured using dual column electromechanical testing systems for tensile (Instron 5565 A equipped with 500 N load cells).

¹H NMR (500 MHz), ¹³C NMR (75 MHz), and ³¹P NMR spectra were recorded using a Bruker Avance III 500 MHz spectrometer. The appropriate frequencies using either residual CDCl₃ or DMSO
-d₆as internal reference (for ¹H and ¹³C) were applied for the analysis of NMR data. Perkin–Elmer Spectrum One spectrometer was used for attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR–FTIR) spectroscopy. Impedance Spectroscopy was measured by using Hioki 3532 LCR meter at room temperature. Size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) was performed with a system consisting of a Waters 515 pump, a RI Waters 2410 and PSS GRAM 1000 column. DMF (with LiBr, 3 g L^–1) was used as the mobile phase (flow rate 1 mL min^–1) at 60 °C. Pullulans from PSS (Polymer Standard Service (PSS), Mainz, Germany) were used as standards. SEM analysis was performed using a Philips XL30 ESEM-FEG/EDAX instrument by the backscattered electrons (BSE) and the secondary electrons (SE) detectors. The measurements of TEM were carried out on a JEOL JEM-2100 with a LaB6-cathode (200 kV). Camera is a Gatan Orius SC1000 CCD. CV measurements were carried out using a Radiometer Analytical PST050 potentiostat, interfaced to PC running Voltamaster 4.0 software. Absorbance spectrum was recorded using a Shimadzu UV-2600 Spectrometer.

The ¹H-NMR (400 MHz) and ¹³C-NMR (101 MHz) spectra were obtained on an Avance III 400 MHz spectrometer (Bruker, Karlsruhe, Germany) in CDCl₃. The progress of the reaction was checked by analytical thin-layer chromatography (TLC). The mass spectra were measured using an LCMS-IT-TOF mass spectrometer (Shimadzu, kyoto, Japan). Photoluminescence (PL) spectra and absolute PL quantum yields were obtained via an FLS920 spectrophotometer (Edinburgh Instruments, Edinburgh, UK). Ultraviolet (UV) absorption spectra were obtained using a UV-2600 spectrometer (Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan). Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images were obtained using a Zeiss Merlin emission scanning electron microscope (Zeiss Co., Oberkochen, Germany). Brightfield pictures were taken with a fluorescence microscope (EVOS fl AMG; Westover Scientific, Bothell, WA, USA). Fluorescent images were examined on an OLYMPUS FV3000 laser scanning confocal microscope (Zeiss Co., Oberkochen, Germany), and cell viabilities were analyzed using a Flex Station 3 microplate reader (Molecular Devices, Silicon Valley, San Jose, CA, USA).

Wheat straw and pulp fibers were milled into 40–60 mesh of powder by a plant mill. The cellulose [28 ], ash [29 ], extractive [30 ,31 ,32 ], and Klason lignin [33 ] content were then determined. The pH of the pulping effluent was measured by a LEICI PHS-3C (LEICI, Shanghai, China) and a Shimadzu UV-2600 spectrometer (Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan) was used to determine the content of protein according to the method of Waddel [34 (link)].

FE-SEM micrographs were acquired using a JEOL JSM-7001F FE-SEM operating at 5 kV. TEM images were taken using a Hitachi H-7650 TEM operating at 80 kV. UV-vis spectra were obtained using a Shimadzu UV-2600 spectrometer. Raman spectra were obtained using a portable Raman system B&W Tek, i-Raman Plus BWS465-785H spectrometer. The 785 nm laser was utilized as the excitation source. Its maximum laser power was 340 mW at excitation port, however, the maximum laser power on the sample was actually around 275 mW due to laser transmission loss, which was measured by a power meter (Coherent, lasercheck). The light from the laser was focused on a sample via a 20× microscope objective. The laser beam spot size was around 105 µm with the working distance at 8.8 mm. The back-illuminated CCD cooled at −2°C was used as the detector.

The bands containing antenna complexes were cut out from the CN-PAGE gel, placed in plastic cuvettes and directly used for the spectroscopic measurements. Room temperature absorption spectra were recorded using Shimadzu UV-2600 spectrometer (Kyoto, Japan). A mask for the semi-micro cuvettes was used to limit the passage of the measuring beam to a small spot within the homogenously pigmented part of the gel strips to eliminate distortion of the absorption spectrum. Fluorescence emission and excitation spectra were recorded at room temperature on a Spex Fluorolog-2 spectrofluorometer (Jobin Yvon, Edison, NJ, USA). The emission spectra were recorded in perpendicular geometry in the cuvette-mounted samples. The excitation and emission slits were set to 2 nm. The excitation spectrum of the F710 band was detected at 730 nm.

1D and 2D NMR spectra were recorded on an AVANCE III HD 700 (Temperature 298.0 K, Bruker, Billerica, MA, USA). Optical rotations were measured with an MCP 500 automatic polarimeter (Anton Paar, Graz, Austria) with CH₃OH as the solvent. IR spectra were measured on an IR Affinity-1 spectrometer (Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan). UV spectra were recorded on a UV-2600 spectrometer (Shimadzu, Tokyo, Japan). Circular dichroism spectra were measured by Chirascan circular dichroism spectrometer with the same concentration of UV measurement (Pathlength 10 mm, Applied Photophysics, Surrey, UK). HRESIMS spectra data were recorded on a MaXis quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometer. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) was performed on plates precoated with silica gel GF254 (10–40 μm). Column chromatography (CC) was performed over silica gel (100–200 mesh and 200–300 mesh) (Qingdao Marine Chemical Factory, Qingdao, China) and ODS (50 μm, YMC, Kyoto, Japan). High-performance liquid chromatography was performed on an Agilent 1260 HPLC equipped with a DAD detector using an ODS column (YMC-pack ODS-A, 250 × 10 mm, 5 μm, 3 mL/min). All solvents used in CC and HPLC were of analytical grade (Tianjin Damao Chemical Plant, Tianjin, China) and chromatographic grade (Oceanpak, Goteborg, Sweden), respectively.