Parvalbumin

Manufactured by Merck Group

Sourced in United Kingdom

Parvalbumin is a laboratory equipment product manufactured by Merck Group. It is a calcium-binding protein that is commonly used as a marker for certain types of neurons in research and diagnostic applications. The core function of Parvalbumin is to facilitate the study and identification of specific neuronal populations in various biological samples.

Automatically generated - may contain errors

Lab products found in correlation

Calretinin, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Alexa fluor 488, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions) Parvalbumin, by Swant (2 mentions) Parvalbumin, by Abcam (2 mentions) Parvalbumin, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions) Neuronal nuclei (neun), by Merck Group (2 mentions) Gad67, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Lsm 780, by Zeiss (2 mentions) Horseradish peroxidase hrp conjugated secondary antibody, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) α tubulin, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Gad67, by Cell Signaling Technology (1 mentions) Coxiv, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) Camkiiα, by Cell Signaling Technology (1 mentions) Glial fibrillary acidic protein (gfap), by Cell Signaling Technology (1 mentions) C fos, by Abcam (1 mentions) Goat anti rabbit alexa 546, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) Goat anti mouse alexa 488, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) Anti mouse pkcα, by Santa Cruz Biotechnology (1 mentions) Smi 32, by Fortrea (1 mentions) Vectashield mounting medium with dapi, by Vector Laboratories (1 mentions)

12 protocols using parvalbumin

Immunofluorescence Labeling of Neuronal Subtypes

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols

Adenylate Cyclase III (AC3) was localized using a rabbit polyclonal antibody Adenylate Cyclase III against AC3 (EnCor Biotechnology, Cat# RPCA-ACIII, RRID:AB_2572219), and a rabbit polyclonal antibody A cyclase III (C-20) against AC3 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Cat# sc-588, RRID:AB_630839). Neurons were identified using a mouse monoclonal antibody NeuN (Millipore, Cat# MAB377, RRID:AB_2298772). GABAergic neurons expressing parvalbumin (PV+) were identified using mouse monoclonal antibody parvalbumin (Sigma-Aldrich, Cat# P3088, RRID:AB_477329), and excitatory neurons using a monoclonal mouse antibody Ca^2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II alpha subunit (CaMKIIa) (Millipore, Cat# 05–532, RRID:AB_309787). Species-specific secondary antibodies conjugated to Alexa Fluor 488, 594, or 647 (Invitrogen) were used. Rabbit anti-AC3 (Santa Cruz) was used at a dilution of 1:2000. All other primary and secondary antibodies were used at a dilution of 1:1000.

Alvarado J.A., Dhande O.S., Prosseda P.P., Kowal T.J., Ning K., Jabbehdari S., Hu Y, & Sun Y. (2020). Developmental Distribution of Primary Cilia in the Retinofugal Visual Pathway. The Journal of comparative neurology, 529(7), 1442-1455.

+ Open protocol

+ Expand

Analyzing Prefrontal GABAergic Markers in Rats

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols

At adulthood (PND75), rats received an overdose of sodium pentobarbital (240 mg/kg, i.p., Euthanyl^TM). Under deep anesthesia rats were decapitated and brains removed and frozen. Coronal sections (60 μm) containing the PFC were cut on a cryostat and slide mounted. Bilateral micro-punches of the mPFC, were obtained for protein isolation. The western blotting procedure was performed as described previously^{84 (link)}. Primary antibody dilutions were as follows: α-tubulin (1:120 000; Sigma-Aldrich), GAD67 (1:1000; Cell Signaling Technology), GAD65 (1:200; Santa Cruz Biotechnology) and Parvalbumin (1:2000; Sigma-Aldrich). Species appropriate horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated secondary antibodies (Thermo Scientific) were all used at a dilution of 1:20 000.

Renard J., Szkudlarek H.J., Kramar C.P., Jobson C.E., Moura K., Rushlow W.J, & Laviolette S.R. (2017). Adolescent THC Exposure Causes Enduring Prefrontal Cortical Disruption of GABAergic Inhibition and Dysregulation of Sub-Cortical Dopamine Function. Scientific Reports, 7, 11420.

+ Open protocol

+ Expand

Immunohistochemical Analysis of Mouse Brain Tissue

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols

Brain tissue samples (n = 5 mice/goup) were fixed in 10% formaldehyde and embedded in paraffin. Subsequently, 4-μm sections were either stained with hematoxylin for morphological examination or used for immunohistochemistry analysis. The following antibodies were used for immunohistochemistry: p-S6 (#4858, Cell Signaling Technology, Tokyo, Japan) at 1:100, c-FOS (ab208942, Abcam, Cambridge, UK) at 1:200, Parvalbumin (SAB4200545, Sigma) at 1:100, CaMKII-α (#11945, Cell Signaling Technology) at 1:100, COXIV (#459600, Invitrogen) at 1:200, GFAP (#12389, Cell Signaling Technology) at 1:100, and MAP2 (ab5392, Abcam) at 1:2000. The stained proteins were visualized using a Biozero confocal microscope (Keyence Co., Osaka, Japan).

Yang F., Yang L., Wataya-Kaneda M., Teng L, & Katayama I. (2020). Epilepsy in a melanocyte-lineage mTOR hyperactivation mouse model: A novel epilepsy model. PLoS ONE, 15(1), e0228204.

+ Open protocol

+ Expand

Retinal Synaptic Vesicle Evaluation

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols

To evaluate synaptic vesicles, retinal expression of synaptophysin was assessed. For fluorescence staining, samples were pre-embedded in 3% agar in deionized water. Vibratome sections (50 μm) were collected and washed several times in PBS. Sections were incubated in 10% normal donkey serum in PBS for 1 h at room temperature to block nonspecific binding activity, then with anti-rabbit synaptophysin (Cell signaling, Danvers, MA, USA) overnight at 4°C. After several washes with PBS, sections were incubated with goat anti-rabbit Alexa 546 (Molecular Probes). For double-labeling studies, sections were incubated with anti-mouse PKCα (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA), parvalbumin (Sigma, St. Louis, MO), calretinin (Millipore, Temecula, CA, USA), or SMI-32 (Covance, Emeryville, CA, USA) in 0.1 M PBS containing 0.5% Triton X-100 overnight at 4°C, rinsed for 30 min with 0.1 M PBS, and incubated with goat anti-mouse Alexa 488 (Molecular Probes) for 1 h 30 min at room temperature. After further washes in 0.1 M PB for 30 min, the sections were mounted using VectaShield Mounting Medium with DAPI (Vector Laboratories, H-1200). Slides were washed, covered with coverslips, and examined by confocal laser scanning microscopy (Zeiss LSM 510; Carl Zeiss Co. Ltd.).

Park H.Y., Kim J.H, & Park C.K. (2014). Alterations of the synapse of the inner retinal layers after chronic intraocular pressure elevation in glaucoma animal model. Molecular Brain, 7, 53.

+ Open protocol

+ Expand

Immunolabeling of Nrp2 Mouse Brains

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols

Nrp2^+/+ (wild-type), Nrp2^+/− (heterozygote) and Nrp2^−/− (homozygote) mice aged 3–6 months (average age of all genotype groups: 3.7 ± 0.95 months, four females and five males), when mice are considered to be in the mature adult stage [34 ], were subjected to transcardial perfusion with 4% paraformaldehyde (PFA). Brains were dissected, postfixed for 2 h in 4% PFA and then imbedded in OCT medium. Brains were sectioned on a cryostat at 20 μm thickness at 200 μm intervals through the anterior to the posterior extent of the hippocampus and cortex along the coronal plane. Sections were processed for immunocytochemistry as previously described [35 (link)], with the following modification. Coverslips were mounted on microscope slides using Mowiol (cat. No. 81381 Aldrich), plus 10% p-Phenylenediamine (PPD, cat No. 78460) anti-fade mounting media. Primary antibodies used were: mouse monoclonal anti-Parvalbumin (1.5:500, Swant, PV235); mouse monoclonal anti-Parvalbumin (1:750, Sigma, P3088); rabbit polyclonal anti-neuropeptide Y (1:1000, Abcam, ab30914); rat monoclonal anti-Somatostatin (1:150, Millipore, MAB354) and for visualization, AlexaFluor 488 or Cy5 (1:500, Jackson Immuno Research Laboratories); AlexaFluor 546 (1:500 Invitrogen).

Eisenberg C., Subramanian D., Afrasiabi M., Ziobro P., DeLucia J., Hirschberg P.R., Shiflett M.W., Santhakumar V, & Tran T.S. (2021). Reduced hippocampal inhibition and enhanced autism-epilepsy comorbidity in mice lacking neuropilin 2. Translational Psychiatry, 11, 537.

+ Open protocol

+ Expand

Immunostaining of Zebrafish Larvae

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols

Larvae were briefly sedated on ice and fixed (4% paraformaldehyde, 4% sucrose, 150 μM CaCl₂ in 0.1 M phosphate buffer) for 5 h at 4°C. Larvae were then permeabilized in ice-cold acetone, blocked (2% goat serum, 1% bovine serum albumin, 1% DMSO in PBS), and incubated with primary antibodies diluted in blocking buffer. The following commercial primary antibodies were used in this study: GFP (1:500; Aves Labs, Inc; Cat# GFP-1020), Parvalbumin (1:2,000; Thermo Fisher; Cat# PA1-933), Parvalbumin (1:2,000; Abcam; Cat# ab11427), Parvalbumin (1:500; Sigma-Aldrich; Cat# P3088), MAGUK (K28/86; 1:500; NeuroMab, UC Davis; Cat# 75-029), CtBP (1:2,000; Santa Cruz Biotechnology Cat# sc-55502. Custom affinity-purified antibody generated against Danio rerio Ribeye b was also used (mouse IgG2a; 1:2,000; Sheets et al., 2011 (link)). Following primary antibody incubation, larvae were washed and incubated with diluted secondary antibodies conjugated to Alexa Fluor 488, Alexa Fluor 546, Dylight 549, Alexa Fluor 555, and Alexa Fluor 647 (Invitrogen). Larvae were then counterstained with DAPI (Sigma) and mounted on slides with elvanol.

Holmgren M, & Sheets L. (2021). Influence of Mpv17 on Hair-Cell Mitochondrial Homeostasis, Synapse Integrity, and Vulnerability to Damage in the Zebrafish Lateral Line. Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience, 15, 693375.

+ Open protocol

+ Expand

Comprehensive Immunofluorescence Staining Protocol

Cited 1 time

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols

Immunofluorescence experiments were performed essentially as described^{5 ,10 (link)}. Antibodies used include Calbindin (1:1,000, Swant, 300), Calretinin (mouse, 1:500, DAKO, M7245), Calretinin (mouse, 1:1,000, Swant, 6B3), Somatostatin (rabbit, 1:5,000, Bachem, T-4103.00), NKX2-1 (mouse, 1:300, Invitrogen, 18-0221), ISLET1 (mouse, 1:100, DSHB, 39.3F7), Pan DLX (rabbit, 1:1,000, gift from Y.M. Morozov, Department of Neurobiology, Yale University School of Medicine), NeuN (mouse, 1:100, Millipore, MAB377), GAD1 (mouse, 1:1,000, Millipore, MAB5406), GAD2 (mouse, 1:500, DSHB, GAD6), Synapsin-1 (rabbit, 1:1,000, Synaptic System, 106-002), DCX (rabbit, 1:1,000, Cell Signaling, 4604S), OLIG2 (rabbit, 1:1,000, Millipore, AB9610), TUJ1 (mouse, 1:1,000, Covance, MMS-435P), TUJ1 (rabbit, 1:1,000, Covance, MRB- 435P), VGAT (mouse, 1:1,000, Synaptic System, 131 003), Human nuclei antigen (mouse, 1:100, Millipore, MAB1281), GFP (chicken, 1:1,000, Aves Labs, GFP-1020), COUPTFII (mouse, 1:300, Perseus Proteomics, PP-H7147-00), MAP2 (chicken, 1:20,000, Abcam, AB5392), MAP2 (mouse, 1:500, Sigma Aldrich, M4403), GABA (rabbit, 1:1,000, Sigma Aldrich, A2052), Parvalbumin (mouse, 1:1,000, Sigma, P3088) (see also Supplementary Table 1).

Yang N., Chanda S., Marro S., Ng Y.H., Janas J.A., Haag D., Ang C.E., Tang Y., Flores Q., Mall M., Wapinski O., Li M., Ahlenius H., Rubenstein J.L., Chang H.Y., Buylla A.A., Südhof T.C, & Wernig M. (2017). Generation of pure GABAergic neurons by transcription factor programming. Nature methods, 14(6), 621-628.

+ Open protocol

+ Expand

Antibody Characterization for Neuroendocrine Markers

Cited 2 times

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols

The mouse monoclonal antibody to L-ENK (Sera Labs, Crawley Down, UK) has been characterized using preadsorption controls and immunoblots where it recognizes L-ENK and to a lesser extent DYN (1-13, 1-17) and Met⁵-ENK, but not α, β and γ endorphin [7 ;27 (link)]. The guinea pig polyclonal antibody against DYN B was purchased from Peninsula Laboratories (Belmont, CA) and has been characterized for specificity using preadsorption [31 (link);40 (link)]. Previous tests [44 (link)] determined the dilution of the L-ENK and DYN antibodies that yielded optimal detection of intensity variations.
The mouse monoclonal antibody to parvalbumin (Sigma, St. Louis, MO) has been characterized using Western blot, double immuno-diffusion methods and preadsorption controls [4 (link);21 (link)]. The rabbit polyclonal antibody against NPY (Peninsula Laboratories) has been characterized using immunodot blots [28 (link)]. The rabbit polyclonal antibody to cholecystokinin (#8988; supplied by Dr. John Walsh, Veterans Administration, CA) has been shown to be specific using immunodot blots and preadsorption controls [5 (link)]. The optimal dilution of the CCK antibody for detecting intensity variations was determined using previously described methods [6 (link)].

Rogers S.A., Van Kempen T.A., Pickel V.M, & Milner T.A. (2016). Enkephalin levels and the number of neuropeptide Y-containing interneurons in the hippocampus are decreased in female cannabinoid-receptor 1 knock-out mice. Neuroscience letters, 620, 97-103.

+ Open protocol

+ Expand

Immunostaining of Brain Tissue Markers

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols

Brain tissue preparation and immunohistochemistry were performed as described (Bormuth et al.^{28 (link)}). Primary antibodies were directed against Ank3 (1:50, mouse IgG, Santa Cruz Biotechnology), Calretinin (Calb2; 1:1000, polyclonal rabbit; Millipore), HCN1 (1:200, polyclonal rabbit; Biomol), GABA Aα1 receptor (1:500, polyclonal rabbit, Millipore), GABA Aα6 receptor (1:500, polyclonal rabbit, Millipore), GAD67 (1:1000, mouse IgG, Millipore), GAD65 (1:1000, polyclonal rabbit, Millipore), GFAP (1:200 mouse IgG, Chemicon), MAP2 (1:800, mouse IgG, Millipore), NFH (1:200, polyclonal rabbit, Sigma), Parvalbumin (1:1000, mouse IgG, Sigma), Parvalbumin (1:000, polyclonal rabbit, Swant), Pax2 (1:250, polyclonal rabbit, Zymed), PCNA (1:300, polyclonal rabbit, Abcam), PSD95 (1:400, mouse IgG, Affinity Bioreagents), S100beta (1:200 monoclonal rabbit, Abcam), VGLUT1 (1:5000, polyclonal guinea pig, Millipore). Detection was performed with secondary antibodies conjugated to Alexa Fluor 488, 555 and 633 (1:1000, Thermo Fisher Scientific) and biotinylated secondary antibodies followed by diaminobenzidine (DAB; LSAB2 Kit, Dako; Vectastain Kit, Vector Laboratories).

Pieper A., Rudolph S., Wieser G.L., Götze T., Mießner H., Yonemasu T., Yan K., Tzvetanova I., Castillo B.D., Bode U., Bormuth I., Wadiche J.I., Schwab M.H, & Goebbels S. (2019). NeuroD2 controls inhibitory circuit formation in the molecular layer of the cerebellum. Scientific Reports, 9, 1448.

+ Open protocol

+ Expand

Immunohistochemistry of Neuronal Markers

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols

The following commercial antibodies were used in this study: GFP (1:500; Aves Labs, Inc; Cat# GFP-1020), Parvalbumin (1:2000; Thermo Fisher; Cat# PA1-933), Parvalbumin (1:2000; Abcam; Cat# ab11427), Parvalbumin (1:500; Sigma-Aldrich; Cat# P3088), MAGUK (K28/86; 1:500; NeuroMab, UC Davis; Cat# 75–029), Otoferlin (1:500; Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank/ HCS-1). Custom affinity-purified antibody generated against Danio rerio Ribeye b (mouse IgG2a; 1:2000; Sheets et al., 2011 (link)) was also used.

Holmgren M., Ravicz M.E., Hancock K.E., Strelkova O., Kallogjeri D., Indzhykulian A.A., Warchol M.E, & Sheets L. (2021). Mechanical overstimulation causes acute injury and synapse loss followed by fast recovery in lateral-line neuromasts of larval zebrafish. eLife, 10, e69264.

+ Open protocol

+ Expand

About PubCompare

Our mission is to provide scientists with the largest repository of trustworthy protocols and intelligent analytical tools, thereby offering them extensive information to design robust protocols aimed at minimizing the risk of failures.

We believe that the most crucial aspect is to grant scientists access to a wide range of reliable sources and new useful tools that surpass human capabilities.

However, we trust in allowing scientists to determine how to construct their own protocols based on this information, as they are the experts in their field.

Ready to get started?

Revolutionizing how scientists
search and build protocols!