Thermo nicolet 370

A variety of analytical methods were employed in the experimental examination of the sample. We performed the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) using the HITACHI, S-4160 scanning electron microscope. The Philips CM 120 microscope was used for the analysis involving transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The Thermo Nicolet 370 instrument, a product of Thermo Fisher in the USA, was used to acquire ATR-FTIR spectra, with the measurements being recorded in the range of 400–4000 cm⁻¹, employing a resolution of 4 cm⁻¹ and an average of 64 scans. The surface area and pore size distribution assessment were conducted using the Micromeritics TriStar II Series, GA 30093 instrument from the USA, where N₂ gas served as the adsorbate, and measurements were carried out at 77 K. The thermogravimetry analysis (TGA) involved heating the sample from ambient temperature to 800 °C at a rate of 10 °C min⁻¹ under an N₂ atmosphere using the STA503 TA instrument. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns were obtained within the 2–80° range using CuK_α radiation and a Bruker instrument from Germany. Finally, atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) (PerkinElmer 2380-Waltham) was utilized to determine the remaining concentrations of As(III) present in the solution.