EOF analysis was performed on a subset of samples from Ashumet Pond and downwelling groundwater following the procedure described in prior work.46 (link) Briefly, weak anion exchange cartridges (Oasis® WAX) were preconditioned and then loaded with sample. Then, 10 mL of 0.01% v/v ammonium hydroxide (ACS grade, BDH® VWR International, Radnor, PA) in deionized water was passed through the cartridges to remove inorganic fluorine and the sample was eluted with LC-MS grade methanol (Honeywell, Charlotte, NC) and 0.1% v/v ammonium hydroxide in methanol, evaporated to dryness, and finally reconstituted into 1.5 mL methanol. Extracts were split 50 : 50 between the LC-MS/MS and the combustion ion chromatograph (CIC) with a combustion unit from Analytik Jena (Jena, Germany) and a 920 Absorber Module and 930 Compact IC Flex ion chromatograph from Metrohm (Herisau, Switzerland). Isotopically labeled internal standards (MPFAC-24 ES, Wellington Laboratories, Guelph, Ontario, Canada) were added to the LC-MS/MS fraction after the extract was split. See ESI† for details and results (Table S13† ).
Mpfac 24es
Manufactured by Wellington Laboratories
Sourced in Canada
The MPFAC-24ES is a high-performance multi-parameter flow analysis controller produced by Wellington Laboratories. The device is designed to precisely monitor and control the flow of various fluids and gases in laboratory settings. It features multiple input and output channels, allowing for the simultaneous analysis of multiple parameters. The MPFAC-24ES is a versatile instrument suitable for a wide range of laboratory applications.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Methanol, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Ammonium acetate, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Ammonium hydroxide, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Lc ms grade methanol, by Honeywell (1 mentions)
Hplc grade hexane, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Methanol, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Florisil, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
5 protocols using mpfac 24es
1
EOF Analysis of Fluorinated Compounds
2
Quantitative Extraction of Organic Acids
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Analyses were carried out according to a standardized method [31 ], including a solid phase extraction procedure taken from standard [32 ]. The 5% methanol and 50 μL of a solution containing isotopically labelled standards (13C for C4 to C12 carbonic acids and C4, C6, and C8 sulfonic acids, MPFAC-24ES Wellington Laboratories, Canada) were added to 100 mL sample, and the flasks were sonicated for 5 min. A volume of 100 mL sample was then enriched with a pre-conditioned [2 mL of each ⅰ) 0.1% ammonia in methanol, ⅱ) methanol, and ⅲ) ultra-pure water] weak ion exchange resin (Phenomenex, Strata X-AW 33 μm, 100 mg/3 mL). Subsequently, the column was washed with 2 mL of water, 2 mL of a washing solution (containing acetone, acetonitrile, and formic acid with shares of 50:50:1 by volume), and 2 mL of methanol. Afterwards, analytes were eluted with 2 mL of 0.1% ammonia in methanol. Extracts were brought to dryness by a gentle stream of nitrogen at 30 °C and were re-dissolved in 1.0 mL of a mixture of methanol and water (1:1).
3
PFAS Determination Protocol
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HPLC-grade hexane, methanol, acetone, water, ammonium hydroxide, ammonium formate, and methylene chloride were acquired from Merck, through Kobian Kenya Ltd. An isotopically mass-labeled standard mixture containing 24 PFAS (MPFAC-24ES 1 μg mL−1 in methanol), a native standard mixture containing 30 PFAS (PFAC30PAR, 1 μgmL−1 in methanol), and a HFPO-DA-labeled standard solution (50 μg mL−1 in methanol) were acquired from Wellington Laboratories Inc. (Guelph, Ontario, Canada). methanolic stock solution at a concentration of 1 μg L−1 was prepared and stored at −8 °C. To prepare working solution, water was used to dilute the stock solution to 1 and 10 ng mL−1. The diluted solutions were kept at 4 °C. A secondary standard used for initial calibration verification (ICV) contained 24 PFAS (PFC-24, 2 μg mL−1 in methanol:water (80:20), and it was acquired from AccuStandard (New Haven, CT, USA). Supplementary Material, Table S1 presents a comprehensive list of the PFAS in each internal and native standard. Solid Phase Extraction (SPE) cartridges (Oasis WAX 6CC VAC cartridges—150 mg) were purchased from Waters Corporation. Graphitized carbon black and Florisil were acquired from Fisher Scientific (Hampton, NH, USA).
4
Comprehensive PFAS Quantification Protocol
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All PFAS standards were of high purity grade (>90%). A mixture of PFAC-24PAR and individual PFAS standards listed in Table S1 were purchased from Wellington Laboratories Inc (Guelph, ON, Canada). Isotopically-labelled PFAS were used as internal standards (IS), consisting of 23 PFAS (mixture of MPFAC-24ES and individual standards), which were also purchased from Wellington Laboratories Inc (Guelph, ON, Canada). Further details on the nomenclature (and abbreviations) of PFAS can be found in the supplementary material (Table S1). The individual standard solutions, as well as the isotopically-labelled IS solutions, were prepared gravimetrically in methanol. Three primary stock solutions were prepared and used to provide twelve levels of calibration solutions. Table S2 in the supplementary material summarizes the respective concentrations for each level of the calibration curve for both the non-labeled and isotopically-labeled PFAS (calibration was performed based on isotope dilution method). All solutions were stored at -20 °C. All solvents and chemicals, including water, methanol, ammonium acetate and ammonium hydroxide (all Optima grade) were purchased from Thermo-Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA). Industrial grade nitrogen, used for drying extracts, was obtained from Airgas (USA).
5
Comprehensive PFAS Quantification Protocol
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Water, methanol, ammonium hydroxide, and ammonium acetate (all Optima grade), were purchased from Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA). Supelco ENVI-Carb (120–400 mesh) was purchased from Supelco (Sigma-Aldrich, Bellefonte, PA, USA). All PFAS standards, including the 51 non-labeled (native mixture of PFAC-24PAR and several individual standards) and 23 isotopically labeled analogs (internal standard (IS) mixture; MPFAC-24ES and several individual standards), were purchased from Wellington Laboratories Inc (Guelph, ON, Canada). Further details on the nomenclature of PFAS standards and their spiked concentrations in samples and calibration solutions can be found in the supplementary material Table S1 and Table S2 , respectively.
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