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R version 3.6.3

Manufactured by IBM
Sourced in United States

R is a free, open-source software environment for statistical computing and graphics. Version 3.6.3 was released in February 2020. R provides a wide variety of statistical and graphical techniques, and is highly extensible.

Automatically generated - may contain errors

11 protocols using r version 3.6.3

1

Propensity Score Weighting for Survival Comparison

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Categorical variables were compared using Chi-square or Fisher’s exact test. Continuous or ordinal variables were compared using the Student’s t-test or Mann-Whitney U test. Inverse propensity score weighting (IPSW) method was used with “WeightIt” R package to control the differences of baseline clinical characteristics to avoid the interference of other factors. As for the survival data before weighting and after weighting, Kaplan-Meier method and Log-Rank test were used with “survival” R package to compare the differences of PFS and OS of the patients in the two groups. Cox proportional-hazards regression was performed to calculate the hazard ratios (HRs) and the 95% confidence interval (CI). p-values were calculated based on a two-sided assumption, and p < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Statistical analyses were performed using R (version 3.6.3) for the IPSW method and SPSS 22.0 for other analyses.
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2

Reproducibility of CCTA Scoring and Prognosis

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All statistical analysis was performed with R version 3.6.3 and SPSS version 26.0 (SPSS, IL, USA). The continuous variables were represented as mean ± standard deviation or median (interquartile range, IQR) while categorical variables were represented as percentage and frequency. The intra-class correlation (ICC) statistic was applied to assess intra- and inter-reviewer reproducibility of CCTA findings and scoring results. The criteria of ICC: poor agreement (0.01–0.20); fair agreement (0.21–0.40); moderate agreement (0.41–0.60); good agreement (0.61–0.80) and excellent agreement (0.81–1.0). Patients were divided into 4 groups by CCTA results with risk score as normal, non-obstructive SIS<3, non-obstructive SIS≥3 and obstructive. Cumulative event rates were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared using the log-rank test. Multivariate analysis was performed using the Cox proportional hazards method. P-value <0.05 was rendered as statistical significance.
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3

Survival Analysis of Gene Expression

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Statistical analyses were performed using R version 3.6.3 and SPSS V25.0. The Kaplan–Meier method was conducted to plot survival curves, and a log-rank was used as the statistical significance test. Differences among variables were compared using t-tests, nonparametric tests. The correlation of gene expression was evaluated by Spearman’s correlation. If not specified above, p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
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4

Genomic Analysis of Therapeutic Response

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Correlations between mutations and response to therapy were assessed by the Fisher exact test and trend test across the response groups (prop.trend.test function in R). Comparison of continuous variables between groups was performed by the Mann-Whitney rank test, while the Wilcoxon rank test was used for paired samples. Survival data were assessed by a Cox regression analysis, calculating hazard ratios for each parameter. For Kaplan-Meier plots, patient subgroups were compared by the log rank test (for further details, see Additional file 1). Genomic Identifications of Significant Targets in Cancer (GISTIC) 2.0 [35 (link)] was used to identify frequent focal- and arm-level amplifications and deletions.
Statistical analyses were performed using R, version 3.6.3, or the SPSS 26/PASW 17.0 software package. All p-values reported are two-tailed, and p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
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5

Statistical Analysis of Experimental Data

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All statistical analyses were performed with R (version 3.6.3) and SPSS v26.0
(SPSS Inc., USA). The statistical difference between two groups was compared
using unpaired Student's t-test and comparisons among multiple
groups were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Tukey's
post hoc test for pairwise comparison. P value of <0.05
was considered statistically significant and all tests were two-sided.
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6

Statistical Analysis and Data Comparison

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Statistical analysis and charts preparation were carried out using R (version 3.6.3) and SPSS (version 25). Student’s t-test was used for comparison between the two groups, and variance analysis was used for data comparison between multiple groups. p-values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.
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7

Correlation and Survival Analysis

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All statistical analyses are carried out using R (version 3.6.3) and SPSS 22.0. Pearson correlation analysis was used to determine the correlation, and survival analysis was performed using the log-rank test. p < 0.05 was considered statistically different.
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8

Statistical Analysis of Experimental Data

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All statistical analyses were performed with R (version 3.6.3) and SPSS v26.0 (SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL). Statistical significance between groups was determined using two tailed Student s t test. P value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant and all tests were two sided.
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9

Statistical Analysis of Tumor Microenvironment

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The distribution of two sets of continuous variables was compared using a t-test. If continuous variables did not follow a normal distribution, the Mann–Whitney U test was applied. Unless explicitly stated, the association between categorical variables was evaluated using Pearson’s chi-square test. To divide the samples assessed into groups according to high versus low TMEscore, the MaxStat R package was used. Survival curves were compared using the Kaplan–Meier method with a log-rank t-test. The influence of the TMEscore on survival was additionally evaluated through the Cox proportional hazard model. The independence of association was verified by a multivariate Cox regression model of survival. The resulting p-values of differently expressed genes between two groups were corrected for multiple testing by the Benjamini–Hochberg method. All reported p-values are two-sided. R (version 3.6.3) and SPSS (version 17.0; SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) were used to perform statistical analyses. Figures were generated with the ggplot R package and GraphPad Prism 8 (GraphPad Prism Software, San Diego, CA, USA). Two-sided p < 0.05 was considered significant.
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10

Prognostic Modeling for Acute Aortic Dissection

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Shapiro–Wilk test was used for testing the normality of all continuous variables. Normally distributed continuous variables were expressed as means ± SD, while abnormally distributed continuous variables were expressed as median (the 25th and 75th quartiles). Categorical variables were presented as frequencies and percentages (%). To determine significant variables between surviving and non-surviving groups in AAD and type A AAD derivation cohort, chi-squared tests were performed for categorical variables, and Wilcoxon rank-sum and one-way ANOVA tests were performed for continuous variables. Logistic regression was performed to develop fast-to-use prognostic models for AAD and type A AAD patients. All analyses were conducted using R (version 3.6.3) and SPSS (version 25). All statistical analyses were two-sided, and the significance level was set to p < 0.05.
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