The basal media “Alys” and “Daph” were used for multiplication of A. montanum and D. jasminea, respectively, supplemented with cadmium (II) chloride (Sigma) in 3 concentrations: 0.5, 2.5, and 5.0 μM CdCl2. Cadmium salt was added to medium, prior to autoclaving, and medium pH was adjusted to 5.6. Ten microcuttings per 200 ml Erlenmeyer flask were explanted on the respective media. Each flask contained 50 ml of culture medium. Cultures were maintained in a growth chamber at 24 °C, under 16 h photoperiod (irradiance 80 μmol m−2 s−1). The experiment lasted for 16 weeks, with subculture after every 4 weeks. In every subculture, entire microcuttings were transferred on the medium containing the same concentration of CdCl2 that was initially applied in all respective treatments. Microcuttings were not cut or fragmentized during subculturing. Microcuttings that developed adventitious roots were carefully transferred onto fresh medium to avoid damage of the roots.
Cadmium 2 chloride
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Japan
Cadmium(II) chloride is a chemical compound with the formula CdCl2. It is a white, crystalline solid that is soluble in water and organic solvents. Cadmium(II) chloride is commonly used as a laboratory reagent and in various industrial applications.
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Lab products found in correlation
Zinc 2 chloride, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Lead 2 chloride, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Mercury 2 chloride, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Silver 1 chloride, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Manganese 2 chloride, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Nickel 2 chloride, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Cobalt 2 chloride, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Hydrochloric acid (hcl), by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Selenium powder, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Ethanethiol, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Tellurium powder, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Sulfur powder, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
1 2 ethylenediamine, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
N butylamine, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Bismuth iii chloride, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Lead 2 iodide, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Octylamine, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Selenium, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Tem grid, by Electron Microscopy Sciences (1 mentions)
Trioctylphosphine, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
8 protocols using cadmium 2 chloride
1
Cadmium-Induced Micropropagation of Alpine Plants
2
Synthesis of Halide Perovskite Materials
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Lead(II) iodide (PbI2, 99.999%),
silver(I) chloride (AgCl, 99.999%), bismuth(III) chloride (BiCl3, 99.998%), sodium(I) thiocyanate (NaSCN, 99.99%), zinc(II)
chloride (ZnCl2, 99.999%), cadmium(II) chloride (CdCl2, 99.99%), sulfur powder (S, 99.98%), selenium powder (Se,
99.99%), tellurium powder (Te, 99.997%), n-butylamine (BA, 99.5%),
ethanethiol (ET, >99%), and 1,2-ethylenediamine (EN, ≥99%)
were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich and used without further purification.
silver(I) chloride (AgCl, 99.999%), bismuth(III) chloride (BiCl3, 99.998%), sodium(I) thiocyanate (NaSCN, 99.99%), zinc(II)
chloride (ZnCl2, 99.999%), cadmium(II) chloride (CdCl2, 99.99%), sulfur powder (S, 99.98%), selenium powder (Se,
99.99%), tellurium powder (Te, 99.997%), n-butylamine (BA, 99.5%),
ethanethiol (ET, >99%), and 1,2-ethylenediamine (EN, ≥99%)
were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich and used without further purification.
3
Synthesis of Cadmium Chalcogenide Nanocrystals
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Cadmium(II) chloride (CdCl2, 99.99%), octylamine (OcAm, 99%), oleylamine (OAm, 70%), trioctylphosphine (TOP, 97%), selenium (Se, 99.99%), ammonium persulfate (≥98%), and chloroform (99%) were purchased from Sigma–Aldrich. 1‐Butanol (99%) was purchased from Samchun Chemical Co. TEM grids were purchased from Electron Microscopy Sciences.
4
Heavy Metal Analysis in Environmental Samples
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The aluminum cans were obtained from commercial shops (Mansoura, Egypt). Isatoic anhydride, dibenzoylmethane, 4-amino-2-hydroxy benzoic acid, toluene, cadmium(ii ) chloride, chloroacetyl chloride, nickel(ii ) chloride hexahydrate, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid tetrasodium salt dihydrate, zinc(ii ) chloride, aluminum(iii ) chloride hexahydrate, iron(iii ) chloride hexahydrate, and lead(ii ) chloride were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich. Hydrochloric acid, potassium chloride, sodium hydroxide, mercury(ii ) chloride, and copper(ii ) chloride dihydrate were purchased from Merck (Germany). The other chemicals were of analytical grade, obtained from Fluka (Switzerland) and were used without further purification unless otherwise stated. In addition, all aqueous solutions in this work were prepared by using doubly distilled water (resistance: 18.2 MΩ at 25 °C). It is worth mentioning that all glassware was rinsed in concentrated nitric acid solution (1% (v/v)) and washed with doubly distilled water before use. For analytical applications, the cucumber, lettuce leaves, and wastewater samples were collected from different agricultural locations in Samanoud (El-Gharbia).
5
Heavy Metal Detection in Textile Waste
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All chemicals and reagents procured were of analytical grade and used without additional purification. Cobalt (II) nitrate hexahydrate, ethanol, diphenylamine, hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide, Nitric acid, Perchloric acid, Lead (II) chloride, Cadmium (II) chloride, and Chromium (III) chloride were purchased from Sigma Aldrich. Following a minimum 24-h soak in 10% Nitric acid, all vessels were cleaned by being repeatedly washed with deionized (DI) water. Real samples of heavy metal ions (Cd2+, Pb2+, and Cr3+) with metal concentrations as 0.267, 0.075, and 0.125 mg/L respectively were collected from Gurage zone Butajira town around textile fabric from Akamuj river, Ethiopia. The standard solution of Cd, Pb, and Cr were prepared by dissolving metal precursors in distilled water.
6
Synthesis of Chalcogenide Nanocrystals
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All chemicals were used as received without further purification. Acetone (>99.0%) was purchased from Fisher. Cadmium(II) chloride (>99.99%), gallium(III) nitrate hydrate (>99.9%), indium(III) chloride (≥99.9) and sodium diethyldithiocarbamate trihydrate (≥98%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich.
7
Cadmium Bioreporter Responses to Heavy Metals
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The response of the cadmium bioreporter to various metal ions was tested. All heavy metal salts were analytical grade: silver(I) nitrate (AgNO 3 ), cadmium(II) chloride (CdCl 2 ), cobalt(II) chloride (CoCl 2 ), copper(II) sulfate (CuSO 4 ), iron(III) chloride (FeCl 3 ), mercury(II) chloride (HgCl 2 ), manganese(II) chloride (MnCl 2 ), sodium arsenite (NaAsO 2 ), nickel(II) chloride (NiCl 2 ), lead(II) acetate trihydrate (Pb(CH 3 CO 2 ) 2 .3H 2 O), and zinc(II) chloride (ZnCl 2 ) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (USA). The metal solutions were prepared in sterile distilled water and filter sterilized. Cadmium was added at 50 mg/L, while all the other metal ions were added at 250 mg/L final concentration.
The bioreporter cells at early growth phase (OD 600 from 0.05 to 0.1) were assayed in M9 and MOPS supplemented medium and the measurements were obtained using the procedure described above.
The bioreporter cells at early growth phase (OD 600 from 0.05 to 0.1) were assayed in M9 and MOPS supplemented medium and the measurements were obtained using the procedure described above.
8
Oligonucleotide-Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles
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3-(Glycidoxypropyl)-trimethoxysilane (3-GPTMS), 6-amino-1-hexanol, gold(III) chloride trihydrate (chloroauric acid, HAuCl4) and hydroxylamine hydrochloride (NH2OHHCl) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Co. (St. Louis, MO). 5′-Aminohexyl-labeled oligonucleotides (5′-H2N-(CH2)6-CCGCTGCTTTTTTCAGCGG-3′, stem-loop structure) and 3′-mercaptohexyl-labeled oligonucleotides (5′-HS-(CH2)6-GGCCTGTTTTTTGCAC) were obtained from Bioneer (Daejeon, Korea). The cation sources mentioned in the text contain chloride as anion: mercury(II) chloride, cobalt(II) chloride, cadmium(II) chloride, nickel(II) chloride, lead(II) chloride, copper(II) chloride, silver(I) chloride, manganese(II) chloride, iron(II) chloride, and zinc(II) chloride, which were also obtained from Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Co. Absolute ethanol was purchased from Junsei Chemical Co. (Tokyo, Japan). Saline sodium citrate (SSC) buffer (20X) was also purchased from Sigma-Aldrich and was diluted with deionized water to 1X solution before use. Doubly distilled water was obtained from the Milli-Q Water Purification System (18 MΩ cm) and used to make all aqueous solutions including buffer dilution.
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