Loperamide hydrochloride capsules

Xuanhuang Runtong tablets (batch number: 20200101) were purchased from Hunan Shidai Yangguang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. (Yongzhou, China). The voucher specimen is stored in the Chinese medicine storage cabinet of the Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Hunan Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Loperamide hydrochloride capsules (batch number: KFJ2P0P) were purchased from Xi'an Janssen Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. (Xi'an, China). The reference substances aloin (batch number: 110787-201808, 92.4%), neohesperidin (batch number: 111857-201804, 99.4%), naringin (batch number: 110722-201805, 91.7%), echinacoside (batch number: 111670-201907, 91.8%), and aloe-epine (batch number: 110795-201007, 98%) were purchased from the China Institute for Food and Drug Control.
Alcian Blue and periodic acid Schiff stains were purchased from Visher Corporation (Changsha, China). Rabbit antimouse AQP3 primary antibodies were purchased from ABclonal (Wuhan, China). Cx43 and TLR5 primary antibodies, HRP goat antimouse IgG, HRP goat antirabbit IgG, and coraLite 488-conjugated affiniPure goat antimouse IgG (H + L) were purchased from Proteintech (Chicago, USA). SuperECL Plus was purchased from Advansta (California, USA). The IL-17A primary antibody was purchased from Abcam (Cambridge, UK). TLR5 and IL-17A primers were purchased from Shanghai Shenggong Biological Engineering Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China).

Loperamide hydrochloride capsules were purchased from Xi’an Janssen Pharmaceutical Company, Ltd. (Xi’an, China). Arabic gum powder and activated carbon powder were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Company (Shanghai, China). Eosin-Methylene Blue Agar (EMB), Bile Esculin Azide Agar, BBL Agar, LBS Agar, and TSC Agar Base were purchased from Qingdao Hi-Tech Industrial Park Hopebio Biotechnology Co. (Qingdao, China). Mouse acetylcholine (Ach); mouse gastrin (Gas); mouse Peptide YY (PYY); mouse substance P (SP); mouse motilin (MTL); mouse 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT); mouse vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP); mouse growth inhibitor (SS); mouse interleukin 1 (IL-1), 6 (IL-6), 8 (IL-8), and 10 (IL-10); and mouse transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) ELISA kits were purchased from Shanghai Enzyme Link Biotechnology Co. (Shanghai, China). The activated carbon solution was prepared according to the following method: 10 g of Arabic gum was added to 80 mL of water and was boiled until it became transparent; then, 5 g of activated carbon (in the form of powder) was weighed, added to the mixture, and boiled three times before being cooled and diluted with water to form 100 mL [31 (link)]. This solution was stored at 4 °C in the refrigerator and was shaken well before use.