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7 protocols using sp6 or t7 rna polymerase

1

Whole-Mount In Situ Hybridization Protocol

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Embryos were collected and fixed in 4% PFA overnight at 4 °C before performing WISH, as previously described [35 (link)]. Probes for fer, fli1, gata1, scl, c-myb, hbbe2, and runx1 were generated from linearized plasmid containing the cDNA of interest, using either T7 or SP6 RNA polymerase (Ambion) and digoxygenin-UTP labeling mix (Roche). The embryos were washed in a series of glycerol/PBS solutions, where the percent glycerol was increased from 30 to 70 percent, prior to mounting on slides and imaging.
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2

In vitro RNA-Protein Interaction Assay

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RNA for in vitro experiments was transcribed with T7 or SP6 RNA polymerase (Ambion) from PCR-amplified templates with T7 forward 5′-TAATACGACTCACTATAG-3′ and SP6 Reverse 5′-ATTTAGGTGACACTATAG-3′ primers. According to the manufacturer’s instructions, the RNA fragments, including 5’UTR, CDS, 3’UTR, 3’UTR-mut, and 3’UTR-AS, were purified and biotin-labeled using the RNA 3’-End Biotinylation Kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific). The in vitro binding assays of biotin-labeled VEGF-C mRNA fragments and ZFP36 protein were performed. Briefly, cells (1 × 107) were lysed with 1 ml of binding buffer (50 mM Tris-HCl pH 7.9, 10% glycerol, 100 mM KCl, 5 mM MgCl2, 10 mM β-ME, 0.1% NP-40, 1 mM PMSF, 1× Superase-in, and 1× protease inhibitor cocktail). Labeled RNA (50 pmol) was incubated with cell lysates for 1 h at RT. Then 50 μl of washed streptavidin-conjugated magnetic beads (Thermo Fisher Scientific) were added to each reaction and incubated at RT for 30 min. Beads were washed five times, and the retrieved protein was subjected to western blot analysis.
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3

In-situ Hybridization Probe Preparation

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Genes of interest (expression shown in Figures 38) were cloned according to methods described previously (e.g., Perry et al., 2015 (link); Osborne et al., 2018). Linearized template DNA was prepared for use in transcription reactions to generate DIG-labeled RNA. Each probe was prepared using either T7 or SP6 RNA polymerase (Life Technologies, Grand Island, NY) and DIG-labeling mix (Roche, Indianapolis, IN). Each probe was purified with the RNeasy MinElute Cleanup kit (Qiagen, Valencia, CA) and quantified on a NanoDrop ND-1000 spectrophotometer (ThermoFisher, Waltham, MA). Following in situ hybridization, nuclei were labeled with 0.5ug/ml DAPI and specimens were mounted in 80% glycerin/20% 1X PBS and photographed with a Zeiss M2 Imager compound microscope equipped with an Axiocam 503 mono camera (Carl Zeiss Inc., Munich, Germany).
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4

Whole-mount in situ hybridization protocol

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High quality total RNA was extracted and purified as previously described (Kenny et al. 2016 (link)). cDNA was generated by using SMARTer polymerase chain reaction (PCR) cDNA Synthesis kit (Clontech). Gene-specific primers were designed for each gene of interest (supplementary S5, Supplementary Material online). PCR products were cloned into the pGEM-T Easy vector (Promega, Madison, WI, USA). Linearized template DNA (amplified from plasmid with T7/SP6 primers) was used to synthesize RNA probes with either T7 or SP6 RNA polymerase (Life Technologies), and DIG-labeling mix (Roche, Indianapolis, IN, USA). WISH protocol was performed, as previously described (Perry et al. 2015 (link)).
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5

Xenopus Embryo gpx3 Knockdown

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The gpx3 MO was injected into the Xenopus embryos ventral region at the 4-cell stage. The MO-injected embryos were collected at the desired stage and were fixed in fixative MEMFA (4% paraformaldehyde, 0.1 M MOPS buffer (pH 7.4), 1 mM MgSO4, 2 Mm ethylene glycol-bis(β-amino ethyl ether)-N,N,N′,N′-tetraacetic acid (EGTA) overnight at 4 °C. The embryos were dehydrated before storage in 100% methanol at −20 °C. To prepare the antisense digoxigenin (DIG)-labeling probes, DNA templates were linearized using appropriate restriction enzymes. Probes were synthesized using SP6 or T7 RNA polymerase (Ambion) and were detected using an alkaline phosphatase-labeled antidigoxigenin antibody (1:1000, Roche, Basel, Switzerland) or nitro blue tetrazolium/5-bromo-4-chloro-3indolyl phosphate (NBT/BCIP) [25 (link)].
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6

Embryonic Kdm5c Expression Analysis

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Two-cell and eight-cell stage embryos were unilaterally injected with kdm5c MO and fixed at appropriate stages in MEMFA (4% paraformaldehyde, 0.1 M MOPS pH 7.4, 1 mM MgSO4, and 2 mM EGTA) overnight at 4 °C and then dehydrated in 100% methanol prior to storage at − 20 °C. To prepare the antisense digoxigenin-labeled probes, DNA templates were linearized using restriction enzymes. Probes were generated using SP6 or T7 RNA polymerase (Ambion). Probes were detected using alkaline phosphatase-labeled anti-digoxigenin antibodies (1:1000; Roche, Basel, Switzerland) and nitro blue tetrazolium/5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl phosphate [59 (link)].
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7

Xenopus Embryo Whole-Mount In Situ Hybridization

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gpx1 and prdx2 MOs were injected into one or both blastomeres of two cells staged with Xenopus embryos individually, and the MO-injected embryos at the desired stage were fixed in MEMFA (4% paraformaldehyde, 0.1-M MOPS (pH7.4), 1-mM MgSO4, 2-mM EGTA) overnight at 4 °C and then dehydrated before storage in 100% methanol at −20 ℃. To prepare the antisense DIG-labeling probes of hba3 (Accession no. NM_001086328), mpo (Accession no. NM_001087639), and cryba1 (Accession no. NM_001094493), DNA templates were linearized using appropriate restriction enzymes. The probes were synthesized using SP6 or T7 RNA polymerase (Ambion) and were detected using an alkaline phosphatase-labeled anti-digoxigenin antibody (1:1000, Roche, Basel, Switzerland) and NBT/BCIP (nitro blue tetrazolium/5-bromo-4-chloro-3indolyl phosphate) [27 (link)].
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