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3 protocols using anti ng2

1

Protein Expression Analysis of Brain Tissue

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The brains were homogenized on ice with a Ultrasonic crusher (HD3000, Wiggens, Beijing, China) in ice-cold lysis buffer (1 × PBS, 1% Nonidet P-40, 0.5% sodium deoxycholate, and 0.1% SDS, RIPA) supplemented with protease inhibitors PMSF. Lysates were centrifuged at 10,000 × g for 20 min at 4 °C for two times, and the supernatants were collected. Protein concentrations were determined by a Bradford protein assay. Equal amounts of protein (30 μg) were separated by SDS-PAGE, and transferred onto a polyvinylidene fluoride filter (PVDF) membrane (Millipore). Membranes were blocked with 5% non-fat milk, and incubated at 4 °C overnight with anti-NG2, anti-GalC, anti-GDNF, anti-NT-3, anti-BDNF, anti-iNOS, anti-Arginase-1 and anti-β-actin (Cell signaling, Davers, MA, USA). Bands were visualized by HRP-conjugated secondary antibodies (Thermo Scientific, MA, USA) and chemiluminescence (ECL) kit under ECL system (Millipore).
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2

Retinal Vascular Pericyte Imaging

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Mice were anesthetized and perfused with PBS to eliminate the blood from the retinal vasculatures. Eyeballs were collected for trypsin digestion, and isolated retinal vasculatures were fully unfolded and dried on the slides, followed by post-fixation with 4% paraformaldehyde for 10 minutes. After the fixative was removed by rinsing, the vasculatures were blocked with PBS containing 5% normal goat serum and 0.3% Triton-X-100 for 1 hour. Subsequently, the vasculatures were incubated with anti-Epac1 (Cat. 4155S; Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA), anti-NG2 (Cat. AB5320; MilliporeSigma, Burlington, MA, USA), and isolectin B4 (Cat. I21412; Invitrogen, Waltham, MA, USA) at 4°C overnight. The following day, the vasculatures were rinsed and incubated with Alexa Fluor 488- or 594-conjugated secondary antibodies at room temperature for 2 hours. Images were taken using confocal microscopy (LSM 800, Carl Zeiss Inc., Jena, Germany).
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3

Immunocytochemical Characterization of Neural Stem Cells

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Immunocytochemistry was performed as described in Lee et al [22 ]. Briefly, differentiated NSCs were washed with D-PBS and fixed with 100% ice-cold methanol for 6 min. Fixed NSCs were permeabilized with 0.3% Triton-X 100/PBS for 30 min at room temperature and blocked with 10% normal goat serum (Vector, Burlingame, CA)/PBS for 1 h at room temperature. We utilized primary antibodies as NSC markers: anti-Pax6, anti-Sox2, and anti-c-Myc (Abcam, Cambridge, MA). Anti-Ki67 was used as a proliferation marker. For characterizing differentiation of immature neurons, brain-specific cell subtype markers were used, anti-Tuj1 (Biolegend, San Diego, CA) and anti-doublecortin (DCX) (Cell Signaling Technology). For mature neurons, anti-MAP2 (MilliporeSigma), anti-NeuN (MilliporeSigma), and anti-Syn (Abcam) were used, and for glial cell markers, anti-NG2 (Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA), anti-Olig1 (MilliporeSigma), anti-MBP (MilliporeSigma), and anti-Gfap (ThermoFisher) were used.
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