Spss statistics 25.0 for windows

The statistical analysis was carried out using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (IBM SPSS Statistics 25.0 for Windows). The results were expressed as the means and standard deviations (SD), and p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant for all analyses. All data were assessed to determine whether a normal distribution was present (Shapiro–Wilk test). For parameters measured at the beginning and end of the study, the Student’s t-test for paired data was used to determine any significant difference between measures. When four measurements were performed for each subject, an ANOVA for repeated measures was applied.

We compared the group of women who had vaginal deliveries with those who had CS deliveries using the chi-square test for categorical variables and Student’s t-test for continuous variables. Variables that correlated with CS delivery in bivariate analysis were selected as individual variables for logistic regression analysis. Before performing multiple logistic regression analysis, multicollinearity was evaluated using Spearman’s rank-correlation coefficient or Pearson’s product-moment correlation coefficient; if the coefficients exceeded 0.7, one of the variables was removed from multiple logistic regression analysis. We also performed bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses to calculate the odds ratios and p values.
All data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics 25.0 for Windows (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). Two-tailed p values of <.05 were considered statistically significant.

Statistical analyses were performed using IBM SPSS Statistics 25.0 for Windows. The results were expressed as means ± SD. Data were checked for deviation from normal distribution (Shapiro–Wilk normality test) and for violation of assumption of homogeneity of variance (Levene’s test) for each comparison. Student’s t-test and Mann–Whitney U test were performed for continuous data as appropriate. The incidence of diseases was tested with a ×2 test. A one-way repeated measures ANOVA was used to show differences between time points and groups. Sphericity was tested with Mauchly’s test. The cytology data were analyzed with a commercial statistical software package (JASP 16.0). The normality of the data was tested with a Shapiro–Wilk test and the homogeneity of the variances with Levene’s test. Repeated measures analysis of variance were used to assess the significance of the differences of PMNs between days 1 and 2 within each group of animals. Post hoc comparisons were done using the Tukey test. An independent samples t-test was also run to compare the alteration rate of PMNs among groups. All comparisons were made at a significance level of p ≤ 0.05.

Descriptive data are presented as means and standard deviations. Normality of the data distribution was tested and not assumed for all variables. U-Mann–Whitney was performed to examine the differences between the two groups on the kinematic variables. The level of statistical significance was set to α ≤ 0.05. Statistical analysis was performed with Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (IBM SPSS Statistics 25.0 for Windows®, Chicago, USA).

All functional and histological analyses were performed in a blinded manner using a numeric code for each mouse. The normal distribution of the data was analyzed by the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test before further applying parametric or nonparametric statistical analyses. When data followed a normal distribution, repeated measures MANOVA (Wilks’ criterion) and analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by a Duncan’s test when applicable were used for data analysis. On the other hand, when data did not follow a normal distribution, they were analyzed by means of the Friedman statistical test for nonparametric repeated measures and a Kruskal–Wallis test, followed by a Bonferroni post hoc test. The percentage of antihyperalgesic effect exerted by a treatment was calculated as follows: % effect = [(PWD − PWV)/(PWN − PWV)] × 100, where PWD and PWV are the paw withdrawal latency (s) in drug-treated and pretreated animals, respectively, and PWN is the paw withdrawal in naïve animals. Pre- and post-pharmacological analyses were performed by the Wilcoxon test. In all analyses, the significance level α was set at 0.05, and the statistical program used was IBM SPSS Statistics 25.0 for Windows (IBM Corp. Released 2017; Armonk, NY, United States).

Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS Statistics 25.0 for Windows (IBM Corp, Armonk, NY, USA) in this study. To reduce the imbalance between the two groups, propensity score matching (PSM) was performed to match patients in the radical group 1:1 with those in the palliative group (caliper = 0.2), and the covariates included age, sex, BMI, preoperative HGB level, preoperative albumin level, ASA score, comorbidity, previous abdominal surgery, tumor location, clinical TNM stage, tumor differentiation, date of surgery, and surgical approach.
Continuous variables are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation, and t-tests were used for comparisons between groups. Categorical variables are expressed as numbers (%), and comparisons were made between groups using either the χ² test or Fisher's exact test. The Kaplan‒Meier method was used for survival analysis, and the log-rank method was used for comparisons between groups. Variables with significant differences were included in the Cox proportional hazard regression model for multivariate analysis. A P value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.