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9 protocols using streptomycin sulfate

1

Porcine Cell Lines and Pseudorabies Virus

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Porcine kidney epithelial PK-15 (CCL-33, ATCC), Vero (CRL-1586, ATCC), porcine alveolar macrophages (PAM [17 (link)]), and HEK293T (CRL-11268, ATCC) cells were grown at 37 ℃ with 5% CO2 in DMEM (12110, Solarbio) supplemented with 10% foetal bovine serum (FBS, A5669701, Gibco), 100 U/mL penicillin and 100 μg/mL streptomycin sulfate (B540732, Sangon).
The virulent PRV isolate QXX (PRV-QXX) was kindly donated by Yong-Tao Li from the College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University [18 (link)]. The recombinant PRV strain PRV-GFP was derived from the PRV Hubei strain, with the TK gene replaced by a GFP expression cassette from the pEGFP-N1 plasmid [19 (link)].
Full-length porcine Rab6 cDNA was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Rab6 cDNA was cloned and inserted into p3 × FLAG-CMV-10 expression plasmids to generate FLAG-Rab6, FLAG-Rab6 Q72L and FLAG-Rab6 T27N. All plasmids were transfected with Lipofectamine 3000 (L3000015, Invitrogen) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. The primer sequences used for gene amplification were as follows: Rab6-Fw: 5ʹ-ATGTCCACGGGCGGAGAC-3ʹ; Rab6-Rv: 5ʹ-TTAGCAGGAACAGCCTCCTTCA-3ʹ; Rab6 Q72L-Fw: 5ʹ-AGGTCTAGAGCGGTTCAGGAGCTTGATTCCTA-3ʹ; Rab6 Q72L-Rv: 5ʹ-TGAACCGCTCTAGACCTGCTGTGTCCCATAATTGC-3ʹ; Rab6 T27N-Fw: 5ʹ-GCGTTGGAAAGAACTCTTTGATCACCAGATTCATGTATGA-3ʹ; Rab6 T27N-Rv: 5ʹ-AAGAGTTCTTTCCAACGCTTTGCTCCCCCAGGA-3ʹ.
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2

In Vitro Activation of T Cells

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T cell culture medium was RPMI 1640 (#11875119, Gibco) supplemented with heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum (10%; #SH30084.03, Hyclone), penicillin G (100U/ml; #B540733, Sangon), streptomycin sulfate (100 μg/ml; #B540733, Sangon) and amphotericin B (2.5 μg/ml; #B540733, Sangon). Mouse skin-draining axillary, brachial and inguinal lymph nodes (LN) were harvested. LN single-cell suspensions were prepared through grinding by glass slides and filtering through a 40 μm cell strainer. LN and dermal cells were cultured in T cell culture medium in the presence of phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA; 50 ng/ml; #P1585, Sigma), ionomycin (1mM; #abs42019871, Absin) and brefeldin A (1:1000; #347688, BD) for 4 h.
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3

Cell Culture and Viral Infection Protocols

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Pig kidney (PK-15) cells (CCL-33, ATCC), human cervical cancer (HeLa) cells (CL-82, ATCC), human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cells (CRL-1573, ATCC), HEK293 cells transformed with SV40 large T antigen (HEK293T) (CRL-11268, ATCC), mouse fibroblast (NIH/3T3) cells (CRL-1658, ATCC), African green monkey kidney (Vero) cells (CL-81, ATCC), human lung carcinoma (A549) cells (CCL-185, ATCC), mouse macrophages (RAW264.7) (TIB-71, ATCC) and canine kidney (MDCK) cells (CCL-34, ATCC) were grown in monolayers at 37°C under 5% CO2.
All cells were cultured in DMEM (10566–016, GIBCO) supplemented with 10% FBS (10099141C, GIBCO), 100 units/mL penicillin and 100 μg/mL streptomycin sulfate (B540732, Sangon). African green monkey kidney (MARC-145) cells and cGAS-/-, STING-/-, TBK1-/-, IRF3-/-, IFNAR1-/- PK15 cells were cultivated as previously described [72 (link), 73 (link)].
PRV-GFP, PRV-QXX and PRRSV-BJ4 were used as previously described [57 (link), 72 (link), 74 (link)]. VSV-GFP, NDV-GFP and H1N1-PR8 were gifts from Yong-Tao Li (Henan Agricultural University, China) [75 (link)]. HSV-F was a gift from Chun-Fu Zheng (Fujian Medical University, China) [76 (link)]. ECTV was a gift from Han-Zhong Wang (Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences) [77 (link)].
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4

Cell Culture Protocols for Genetic Manipulation

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The 3D4/21 (ATCC, CRL-2843), PK-15 (ATCC, CCL-33), and HeLa (ATCC, CCL-2) cells were cultured in DMEM (Gibco, Waltham, MA, USA) supplemented with 10% FBS (Gibco), 100 units/mL penicillin, and 100 mg/mL streptomycin sulfate (Sangon, Shanghai, China). All cells were grown in monolayers at 37 °C in 5% CO2. The 3D4/21 P65−/−, PK-15 ATG5−/−, and Beclin-1−/− cells were used and cultivated as previously described [19 (link),20 (link)].
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5

Porcine Cell Lines and Virus Strains

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Porcine kidney epithelial PK-15 (CCL-33, ATCC), porcine alveolar macrophages 3D4/21 (CRL-2843, ATCC), and human cervical cancer HeLa (CL-82, ATCC) cells were grown in monolayers at 37 °C under 5% CO2 in DMEM (Gibco, Waltham, MA, USA) supplemented with 10% FBS (Gibco), 100 U/mL penicillin, and 100 μg/mL streptomycin sulfate (Sangon, Shanghai, China). Virus titers were determined by the 50% tissue culture infective dose (TCID50) assay, which was calculated with the Reed–Muench method.
The virulent PRV isolate QXX (PRV-QXX) was kindly donated by Yong-Tao Li from the College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University [20 (link)]. The recombinant PRV strain of PRV-GFP, derived from the PRV Hubei strain with the TK gene replaced by a GFP expression cassette from the pEGFP-N1 plasmid, was kindly donated by Han-Zhong Wang from Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences [21 (link)].
Full-length porcine AP2B1 cDNA was cloned into the mCherry-N1 expression plasmid using the BamHI and KpnI restriction sites.
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6

Cell Culture and Viral Strains Protocol

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MARC-145, HEK-293T, HeLa, and CRL-2843-CD163 cell lines were stored in our laboratory (71 (link)). MARC-145 and HEK-293T cells were maintained in DMEM (Solarbio, Cat. No. 12100) supplemented with 10% heat-inactivated FBS (Gibco, Cat. No. 10270–106), and 100 units mL−1 penicillin and 100 mg mL−1 streptomycin sulfate (Sangon, Cat. No. B540732) at 37°C in 5% CO2. HeLa cells were routinely maintained in modified Eagle medium (iCell Bioscience Inc., Cat. No. 138–0012) supplemented with 10% heat-inactivated FBS and 100 units mL−1 penicillin and 100 mg mL−1 streptomycin sulfate at 37°C in 5% CO2. CRL-2843-CD163 cells were maintained in Roswell Park Memorial Institute 1640 medium (Solarbio, Cat. No. 31800) supplemented with 10% FBS and 100 units mL−1 penicillin and 100 mg mL−1 streptomycin sulfate at 37°C in 5% CO2.
HP-PRRSV strain HN07-1 (GenBank: KX766378.1) and NADC30-like PRRSV strain HNhx (GenBank: KX766379) were previously isolated by our laboratory (72 (link), 73 (link)). Low-pathogenic PRRSV strain BJ-4 (GenBank: AF331831) was kindly provided by Professor Hanchun Yang of China Agricultural University. The HP-PRRSV strain HN07-1 was utilized in the current study unless otherwise stated.
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7

Viral Infection Assays in Cell Lines

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PK-15, Vero, MARC-145, and HeLa cells were grown in monolayers at 37 °C under 5% CO2. All cells were cultured in DMEM (10566–016, GIBCO), supplemented with 10% FBS (10099141C, GIBCO), 100 units/mL penicillin, and 100 μg/mL streptomycin sulfate (B540732, Sangon).
PRV-GFP and PRV-QXX were used as previously described [31 (link),32 (link)]. PRV HN1201 [33 ] was a gift from Professor Ke-Gong Tian (Henan Agricultural University, China). Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV)-GFP, Newcastle disease virus (NDV)-GFP, influenza virus (H1N1 PR8), and Sendai virus (SeV) [34 (link)] were gifts from Yong-Tao Li (Henan Agricultural University, China). Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV)-GFP [35 (link)] was a gift from Professor En-Min Zhou (Northwest A&F University, China).
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8

Isolation and Culture of Porcine Alveolar Macrophages

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PAMs were collected from lung lavage samples obtained from 4-week-old specific-pathogen-free piglets (free of PRRSV-1, PRRSV-2, pseudorabies virus, porcine circovirus, and classical swine fever virus). PAMs were cultured in RPMI 1640 (GIBCO, 61870036) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) (GIBCO, 10099141C), 100 units/mL penicillin, and 100 μg/mL streptomycin sulfate (Sangon, B540732). MARC-145 cells (American Type Culture Collection, ATCC, CRL-12231) and HEK293T cells (ATCC, CRL-11268) were cultivated as previously described [47 (link)]. All cells were grown in monolayer cultures at 37°C under 5% CO2.
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9

Culturing Human Lung and Kidney Cells

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Human lung cancer cell lines A549, A549/DDP, and human embryonic kidney cells HEK-293T were purchased from Shanghai Institute of Biosciences Cell Resource Center (Shanghai, China) and cultured in RPMI-1640 (Gibco Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS; Biological Industries Israel Bei-Haemek Ltd., Israel), 100 U/mL of penicillin sodium, and 100 μg/mL of streptomycin sulfate (Sangon Biotech Shanghai, China) at 37 °C in a humidi ed atmosphere of 5% CO2 (Thermo Electron, USA) [26] .
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