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30 protocols using deuterated solvents

1

Inert Synthesis and Manipulation Techniques

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All experiments were
carried out under inert conditions using standard Schlenk and glovebox
techniques (argon atmosphere). All solvents were purchased in HPLC
quality (Sigma-Aldrich) and dried using an MBRAUN Solvent Purification
System. THF, HMDSO, and toluene were additionally dried over an Na/K-alloy.
Deuterated solvents were obtained from Eurisotop GmbH and dried over
an Na/K-alloy (C6D6, THF-d8, Tol-d8), distilled by trap-to-trap transfer in vacuo and degassed by three freeze–pump–thaw cycles, respectively. Silica gel 60 silanized was purchased from
Merck KGaA and heated at 120 °C in vacuo for
5 days prior to use. Purification of CO gas (Air Liquide) was obtained
by passing the gas through a steel coil cooled to −78 °C. 13CO (Eurisotop GmbH, 99.30%) and 15N2 (Sigma-Aldrich, 98% 15N) were used without further purification. N-Chlorosuccinimide (NCS) was sublimed prior to use. Me3SiNCO and Me3SiCl were distilled and degassed. t-Butylisocyanide (Sigma-Aldrich) and 4-methoxyphenylisocyanide
(Sigma-Aldrich) were used as purchased without further purification,
whereas [(N2){WCl(PNP)}2] (1) was
synthesized according to published procedures.31 (link)
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2

Purification and Characterization of Organic Compounds

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Chemical
reagents and solvents were purchased from commercial suppliers (Sigma-Aldrich,
Fluka, Alfa Aesar, and Acros) and used without further purification.
Column chromatography was performed by using silica gel 60 (0.040–0.063
mm). NMR spectra were recorded on a Bruker Avance 4 Neo, operating
at 400 MHz (1H NMR) and 100 MHz (13C NMR) (2
channels, rt BBFO probe) with sample charger and Bruker Avance II+
(3 channels, liquid N2 cooled TCI Prodigy probe) operating
at 600 MHz. Deuterated solvents were purchased from Eurisotop. Chemical
shifts are given in ppm, and coupling constants (J) are reported in Hz. The center of the solvent signal and the TMS
signal served as internal standard.
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3

Optimized Synthesis of Fluorinated Compounds

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All reactions were performed in oven-dried glassware under normal atmosphere, unless otherwise noted. All reagents and solvents were purchased from Fluorochem, TCI, or Merck and used without any further purification. Where specified, reactions were monitored via thin-layer chromatography (TLC) on POLYGRAM® Xtra Sil G/UV254 (0.2 mm layer thickness; Macherey-Nagel); spots were observed under a UV lamp at 254 or 365 nm. Gravimetric column chromatography was performed using silica gel (60 Å, particles size: 0.63–0.2 mm) as stationary phase. 1H, 13c, 19F, and 11B NMR spectra were acquired on a Bruker AVANCE I 400 instrument at 400.13, 100.61, 376.5, and 128.38 MHz, respectively, and are referenced using residual non-deuterated solvents (CHCl3 7.26 ppm in CDCl3, DMSO 2.50 ppm in d6-DMSO); deuterated solvents were purchased from Eurisotop; multiplicities are abbreviated as singlet (s), doublet (d), doublet of doublets (dd), and triplet (t); coupling constants are reported in Hz; IR spectra were acquired in attenuated total reflectance (ATR) mode using a FT-IR Thermo Scientific Nicolet iS10 Smart iTR instrument equipped with a diamond optical element, over a range 4000–650 cm−1 (at 4 cm−1 resolution). Intensities are denoted as: br = broadened signal, sh = shoulder, vs = very strong, s = strong, m = medium, w = weak and vw = very weak.
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4

Synthesis and Characterization of Lovastatin Derivatives

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Authentic standards of lovastatin (MK), citrinin and monascin were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA) and those of DeMK, CP and DiMK from TRC (North York, ON, Canada). All other chemicals and reagents used as well the NMR reference for internal chemical shift and quantification (sodium 2,2,3,3-tetradeutero-3-(trimethylsilyl) propanoate (TSP)) were supplied from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Deuterated solvents were obtained from Euriso-Top (91194 Saint Aubin, France). MKA was prepared by hydrolyzing a solution of standard lovastatin in acetonitrile:water (CH3CN:H2O) or deuterated acetonitrile:deuterated water (CD3CN:D2O) 80:20 v/v (3.7 mg mL−1) with a 1M NaOH or NaOD solution under the optimized conditions described in literature [12 (link)]. The complete conversion of the lactone form (MK) to its acidic form (MKA) was confirmed by HPLC-MS as the [M + H]+ peak of MK at m/z 405 disappeared and the peak of MKA at m/z 423 was sole detected. Demineralized water was obtained with a Milli-Q system Purelab flex Veolia Waters.
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5

Synthesis of Boron-Containing Complexes

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4-Trifluoromethylphenylboronic acid, 4-(dimethylamino)phenylboronic
acid, o-phenylenediamine, 2-aminothiophenol, 4-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl
bromide, 5-bromo-2-thiophenecarboxaldehyde, potassium triflate, trifluoroacetic
acid, cesium carbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium bisulfite, tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0),
and bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II) chloride were obtained from
Sigma-Aldrich (Madrid, Spain). IrCl3 was obtained from
Johnson Matthey. Deuterated solvents were obtained from Euriso-top.
The purities ≥95% of the synthesized complexes used for biological
evaluation were determined by RP-HPLC.
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6

Synthesis of Perfluoroalkyl Compounds

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Perfluorooctanoic acid (96%, PFOA), FAs (≥99%, including OA, EA, LA, and ALA), 2,2,2‐trifluoroethanol (TFE), phenylalanine (99%), sodium hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide, methanol, ethanol, and acetonitrile (HPLC grade solvents) were purchased from Sigma‐Aldrich (Saint‐Quentin‐Fallavier, France). Perfluorooctanoyl chloride (97%) was supplied from Fisher Scientific‐Alfa Aesar (Illkirch, France). Deuterated solvents were supplied from Eurisotop (Saint‐Aubin, France).
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7

Synthesis of Benzyl Ether Derivatives

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Ferulic acid, 1 M diisobutyl aluminum hydride in dichloromethane, benzyl bromide, laccase from Trametes versicolor (776 U/g), piperazine, and sodium hydride were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich and used as received. Acetovanillone, sodium borohydride, pyridine, and diethylcarbonate were purchased from TCI and used as received. Palladium on carbon and anhydrous magnesium sulfate were purchased from Acros Organics and used as received. Deuterated solvents were purchased from Euriso-top. Other reagents, salts, and solvents were purchased from VWR.
DMF was dried using mBraun SPS 800. Evaporations were conducted under reduced pressure (Vario Vacuubrand pump) on Buchi R300. Flash chromatographies were performed on a Puriflash 4100 (Interchim) equipped with and pre-packed INTERCHIM PF-30SI-HP (30 μm silica gel) columns. IR analyses were performed on Cary 630 FTIR (Agilent). NMR analyses were recorded on a Bruker Fourier 300. 1H NMR spectra of samples were measured on a 300 MHz apparatus, chemicals shifts were reported in parts per million relative to solvent residual peak (CDCl3 δ = 7.26 ppm; DMSO-d6 δ = 2.50 ppm). 13C NMR spectra of samples were recorded at 75 MHz and calibrated on solvent peak (CDCl3 δ = 77.16 ppm; DMSO-d6 δ = 39.52 ppm).
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8

Organic Reagent Acquisition for Research

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All reagents were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Milan, Italy), except the deuterated solvents, which were purchased by Eurisotop (Cambridge, United Kingdom).
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9

Reagent Procurement for Scientific Research

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All reagents were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (Milano, Italy), except the deuterated solvents, which were purchased by Eurisotop (Cambridge, UK).
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10

Honey Supplement Adulteration Analysis

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Fifty honey-based supplement samples seized by French customs from 2020 to 2022 were analyzed before the expiry date. Tadalafil and sildenafil citrate were purchased from Acros organics (Geel, Belgium); maltose monohydrate from Alfa Aesar (Haverhill, MA, USA); fructose, D-glucose, sucrose, sodium 2,2,3,3-tetradeutero-3-(trimethylsilyl) propanoate (TSP), 2,3-butanediol, benzoic acid and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) were obtained from Sigma Aldrich (Saint Quentin Fallavier, France), formic acid and ethanol from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany) and acetic acid from VWR Chemicals (Rosny-sous-Bois, France). Deuterated solvents were obtained from EurisoTop (Saint Aubin, France).
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