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Alexa fluor 594 secondary antibody

Manufactured by Cell Signaling Technology
Sourced in United States

Alexa Fluor 594 secondary antibody is a fluorescent dye-conjugated secondary antibody used for detection and visualization in various immunoassays and microscopy techniques. It is designed to bind and detect primary antibodies, allowing for signal amplification and increased sensitivity in the analysis of target proteins or other biomolecules.

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6 protocols using alexa fluor 594 secondary antibody

1

Immunofluorescent Staining of p65 in THP-1 Cells

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THP-1 cells were seeded in a 24 well plate with coverslips and differentiated at 80% confluency. Cells were fixed with 2.5% formaldehyde for 20 min and the reaction stopped by adding 0.1 M glycine for 5 minutes (min). Cells were then permeabilized with 0.2% Triton X100 in PBS for 5 min. Cells were incubated for 1 h with primary antibody (rabbit-anti p65 mAB, Cell Signaling, cat. no. 8242S) 1:200 diluted in BSA/PBS 1 mg/ml. Cells were then washed three times with PBS and incubated in the dark for 45 min with Alexafluor594 secondary antibody (1:100) (Cell Signaling, cat.# 8889S) in BSA/PBS 1 mg/ml and incubated in the dark for 45 min. Cells were washed three times with PBS. To stain nuclei, DAPI was added at 1:10,000 in PBS for 10 min. Cells were washed three times with PBS and mounted with 20 μl of DAKO mounting medium per coverslip on glass slides and stored in the dark until imaged. The images were analysed using Image J s/w (imagej.net).
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2

BrdU Incorporation Assay Protocol

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For the BrdU (5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine) incorporation assay, cells were cultured with a BrdU-labeling reagent (Life Technologies), performed DNA hydrolysis with 1 M HCl, and stained with an anti-BrdU primary antibody (Cell Signaling) and Alexa Fluor® 594 secondary antibody according to the manufacturer’s instructions.
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3

Caspase-3 Expression in Cells

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The expression of caspase-3 was assessed by immunocytochemistry. Cells slides were fixed in 4% formaldehyde for 10 min and pre-incubated in 0.5% Triton X-100 and 1.5% bovine serum albumin (BSA; Sigma-Aldrich, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany) for 15 min at room temperature. Immunostaining was performed by incubating overnight at 4°C with anti-caspase-3 (1:50, cat. no. 9662; Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA) followed by Alexa Fluor 594 secondary antibody (1:500, cat. no. R37117; Invitrogen, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc.) for 1 h at room temperature, washed twice with PBS. DAPI (5 g/l) was used for counterstaining for 5 min, and observed by a fluorescence microscope (Olympus Corp., Tokyo, Japan).
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4

Quantifying Apoptosis and DUSP4 in Bovine Aortic Endothelial Cells

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Bovine aortic endothelial cells were cultured on sterile glass coverslips coated with attachment factor to an 80–90% confluence or 72 h post-transfection. Cells were subjected to H/R treatment (1 h hypoxia and 30 min reoxygenation), cell media was removed, and coverslips were washed 2× with PBS, fixed for 20 min at RT in 4% paraformaldehyde and subsequently washed 3× with PBS containing 0.1% BSA. Cells were then blocked for 45 min at RT in PBS containing 5% BSA and 0.3% TritonX-100 and then incubated overnight at 4°C in anti-cleaved caspase-3 or anti-DUSP4 diluted 1/400 in PBS with 1% BSA and 0.3% TritonX-100. After overnight incubation, coverslips were rinsed 3× with PBS containing 0.1% BSA, and incubated with Alexa Fluor 488 secondary antibody (green) for cleaved caspase-3 and Alexa Fluor 594 secondary antibody (red) for DUSP4 (Cell Signaling, Cambrdige, MA, USA) for 1 h at RT. Finally, coverslips were washed 3× with PBS containing 0.1% BSA, mounted onto a glass slide with ProLong Gold antifade reagent with DAPI (Life Technologies, Grand Island, NY, USA), and fluorescent images (40×) obtained using an Olympus FluoView FV1000 confocal microscope, and data were captured digitally and analyzed (18 (link), 21 (link)).
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5

Cadmium-Induced Apoptosis Modulation

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BAEC cells were cultured on sterile coverslips coated with adhesion factor to a 50-60% confluence. Cells were pre-treated with either NAC or BOS overnight following with 2hr Cd2+ exposure. After treatment, cell media was removed and coverslips were washed 2× with PBS, fixed for 20 min at RT in 4% paraformaldehyde and subsequently washed 3× with PBS containing 0.1% BSA. Cells were then blocked for 45 min at RT in PBS containing 10% FBS and 0.3% TritonX-100 and then incubated overnight at 4°C in anti-cleaved caspase-3 diluted 1/400 in PBS with 0.3% TritonX-100. After overnight incubation, coverslips were rinsed 2× with PBS containing 0.1% BSA, and incubated with Alexa Fluor 594 secondary antibody (Cell Signaling) for 1 hr at RT. Finally, coverslips were washed 3× with PBS containing 0.1% BSA, mounted onto a glass slide with ProLong Gold antifade reagent with DAPI (Life technologies, Grand Island, NY), and fluorescent images (20×) obtained using a Zeiss Axiovert 135 microscope. To further demonstrate that the over-activation of p38 is one of contributing factors for apoptosis, BSO-treated cells were incubated with 10 μM SB 203580 30 min prior to and during 2 hr Cd2+ exposure.
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6

Immunofluorescence Assay for Apoptosis

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RAECs were cultured on sterile coverslips coated with adhesion factor to an 80-90% confluence. Cells were subjected to their treatment (H/R time course of 0-3 h), cell media was removed and coverslips were washed 2x with PBS, fixed for 20 min at RT in 4% paraformaldehyde and subsequently washed 3x with PBS containing 0.1% BSA. Cells were then blocked for 45 min at RT in PBS containing 10% FBS and 0.3% TritonX-100 and then incubated overnight at 4ºC in anti-cleaved caspase-3 diluted 1/400 in PBS with 0.3% TritonX-100. After overnight incubation, coverslips were rinsed 2x with PBS containing 0.1% BSA, and incubated with Alexa Fluor 594 secondary antibody (Cell Signaling) for 1 h at RT. Finally, coverslips were washed 3x with PBS containing 0.1% BSA, mounted onto a glass slide with ProLong Gold antifade reagent with DAPI (Life technologies, Grand Island, NY), and fluorescent images (20X) obtained using a Zeiss Axiovert 135 microscope. Cleaved caspase-3-immunopositive cells were expressed as a percentage of total cells, as determined by DAPI positive cells [28 (link)].
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