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5 protocols using anti human igm hrp

1

Screening RBD-specific IgM+ B Cell Antibodies

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Cloned heavy- and light-chain plasmids derived from RBD-specific IgM+ B cells were initially screened in small-scale transfections. 293T cells (ATCC) were plated at 80% confluency and transfected with 0.5 μg each of paired heavy- and light-chain plasmids using polyethylenimine. 16 h later, medium was replaced with serum free-medium, and after 3–4 d, supernatants were harvested and cellular debris was removed by centrifugation. Antibody expression levels were determined using human IgG or IgM ELISA Antibody Pair Kit (Stemcell Technologies) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. RBD specificity was determined by ELISA as previously described (Rodda et al., 2021 (link)). Briefly, 96-well high-bind plates (Corning) were coated with 2 μg/ml SARS-CoV-2 RBD protein overnight at 4°C, washed with PBS and 0.05% Tween 20 (PBS-T), blocked with 3% milk in PBS-T, and incubated with serially diluted culture supernatants for 2 h at room temperature. Plates were washed, and bound antibodies were detected using anti-human IgG-HRP or anti-human IgM-HRP (Jackson ImmunoResearch) at a 1:3,000 dilution followed by 1× 3,3′,5,5″-tetramethylbenzidine (Invitrogen) and 1 M HCl. OD was measured on a spectrophotometer at 450 and 570 nm, and data were analyzed in Prism (v9.01; GraphPad).
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2

RVFV Antibody Detection Assay

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Maxisorp plates (Nalgene-Nunc, Rochester, NY) were coated with RVFV lysate prepared from infected Vero-E6 cells as previously described [24 (link)], diluted 1:2000 in PBS, and allowed to adsorb overnight at 4°C. Plates were blocked in 5% milk in PBS with 0.1% Tween-20 (PBST) with 5% FBS for 1 hour at 37°C. Patient samples and controls were serially diluted in blocking buffer and incubated on plates for 2 hours at 37°C. Plates were washed three times in PBST then incubated for 1 hour at 37°C with anti-human IgG HRP or anti-human IgM HRP (Jackson ImmunoResearch Inc, West Grove, PA) diluted 1:5000 in blocking solution. Plates were washed three times in PBST before incubation in TMB substrate (KPL, Milford, MA) for 10 minutes. Reactions were stopped with TMB stop solution, and plates were read at 450nm. Data were analyzed using Excel (Microsoft Corp, Redmond, WA) and Prism (GraphPad Software Inc, La Jolla, CA).
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3

Quantifying Xenoantibody Responses by ELISA

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The xenoantibody response was measured by ELISA using GTKO endothelial cells as targets, as previously described (20 (link)). Serum pre and post-transplant was diluted (1:30) in blocking buffer in the presence or absence of small molecules at a concentration of 30 μg/ml to test for inhibition of induced antibody responses to GTKO cells. Calf thymus single stranded DNA (ssDNA) (Sigma, St. Louis, MO), mouse laminin (Sigma, St. Louis, MO), and human thyroglobulin (Scipac, Sittingbourne, Kent, UK) were precoated on the 96 well plates at a concentration of 20 μg/well. Xenoantibody serum was incubated on the coated plates for one hour at room temperature prior to incubation with secondary antibodies. Anti-human IgM HRP (1:5000) (Jackson Immunoresearch, West Grove, PA), human IgG HRP (1:1000) (Sigma), and anti-M13 HRP (1:500) (GE-Healthcare, Buckinghamshire, UK) were used as secondary antibodies for the ELISAs performed in this study. Rhesus monkey serum used in control experiments for natural antibody levels came from seven age-matched monkeys prescreened for relatively low levels of anti-nonGal IgM and IgG xenoantibody as determined by ELISA. Samples were repeated in triplicate, ELISAs were repeated at least twice.
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4

Natural Antibody ELISA Assay

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Natural antibody ELISAs were performed as previously described [14 (link)]. Briefly, single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) (Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA), laminin (Sigma), and thyroglobulin (Sigma) were pre-coated on 96 96-well plates at a concentration of 20 μg/well. Serum (1 : 100) with or without drug (30 μM) in blocking solution was incubated 1 h at room temperature with the antigen of interest. Anti-human IgM HRP (1 : 1000) (Jackson Immunoresearch) was used as a secondary antibody. After 10-min incubation at room temperature with 100 μl of OPD solution (Pierce Biotechnology, Rockford, IL, USA), development was stopped using 50 μl of 2.5 M sulfuric acid and read at 490 nm.
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5

Anti-NET Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay

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A high-binding 96-well EIA/RIA plate (Greiner) was coated overnight at 4°C with MNase-digested NETs diluted to a concentration of 5 μg/mL in 0.05M bicarbonate buffer (coating buffer). The plate was then washed once with 0.05% Tween 20 (MilliporeSigma) in PBS (wash buffer) and blocked with 4% BSA (MilliporeSigma) in PBS (blocking buffer) for 2 hours at 37°C. Serum samples were diluted to 1% in blocking buffer, added to the plate, and incubated for 90 minutes at 37°C. The plate was washed 5 times with wash buffer and then incubated for 90 minutes at 37°C with either anti–human IgG-HRP or anti–human IgM-HRP (Jackson ImmunoResearch, 109-035-008, 109-035-129) diluted 1:10,000 in blocking buffer. The plate was washed 5 more times with wash buffer and was developed with 3,3′,5,5′-Tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) substrate (Invitrogen). The reaction was stopped by 2N sulfuric acid solution, and the absorbance was measured at a wavelength of 450 nm using a Cytation 5 Cell Imaging Multi-Mode Reader (BioTek). Each sample was tested against a corresponding control in which no NETs antigen was plated. This created an individual background value for each sample, which was subtracted from the OD of NET-coated wells to obtain the final result. The schematic illustration of anti-NET ELISA in Figure 1 was created with BioRender.com.
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