Sodium chloride (nacl)

Red cabbage was purchased from a local supermarket (Ya’an, China). Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA 1799, with an average degree of polymerization: 1700 ± 50 and degree of hydrolysis: 99%) was supplied by Kelong Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Chengdu, China). Plate count agar (PCA) was purchased from Hangzhou Microbial Reagent Co., Ltd. (Hanzhou, China). Other chemicals of an analytical grade, including glycerol, sodium hydroxide (NaOH), hydrochloric acid (HCl), methyl red, methylene blue, magnesium oxide, boric acid, and sodium chloride, were all procured from Kelong Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Chengdu, China).

Polypropylene (PP) (S2040) was purchased from Shanghai Secco Petrochemical Co., Ltd., thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) (Elastollan^®, Mw∼220000) was purchased from BASF (China) Co., Ltd., and poly (hexamethylene guanidine) hydrochloride-sodium stearate (PHMG-SS) antibacterial compound was prepared with reference to our previous literature (Zhang et al., 2021 (link)), potassium dihydrogen phosphate, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, agar powder, yeast extract powder and other reagents were from Chengdu Kelong Chemical Co., Ltd., and tryptone was from Beijing Aoboxing Biotechnology Co., Ltd.; Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus, ATCC6538), Escherichia coli (E. coli, ATCC8739) were provided by the Functional Fiber Research Laboratory of Sichuan University, and Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) was provided by West China Hospital of Sichuan University.

OEO was purchased from Ji’an Huashuo Fragrance Oil Co., Ltd. (Jian, China). CS (degree of deacetylation 90%) was provided by Shanghai Yuanye Bio-Technology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). TPP was purchased from Shandong Yousu Chemical Technology Co., Ltd. (Linyi, China). Sodium hydroxide, disodium hydrogen phosphate, dodecahydrate, and sodium chloride were purchased from Chengdu Kelong Chemical Co., Ltd. (Chengdu, China). Nutrient agar was purchased from Beijing Auboxing Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Beijing, China). All chemicals were used as received without further purification. All of the reagents and solvents listed above, and others, were of analytical grade.

Hydroxyethyl cellulose (3400–5000 mPa.s, 25°C), azone, glycerol, triethanolamine, and ethyl p-hydroxybenzoate were purchased from Aladdin-Reagent Co. Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Centella asiatica total glycosides (47.95%), asiaticoside standard (≥98% pure), and madecassoside standard were obtained from Pusi Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Chengdu, China). β-Cyclodextrin, propylene glycol, sodium hydroxide, polyethylene glycol, and absolute ethanol were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Acetonitrile was purchased from Tedia (Tedia, Fairfield, OH, USA). 2,4-Dinitrochlorobenzene was purchased from Huamai Technology Co., Ltd. (Wuhan, China). Recombinant human epidermal growth factor solution was purchased from Shenzhen Watsin Genetech Ltd. Dibasic sodium phosphate was purchased from Chengdu Jinshan Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. Potassium dihydrogen phosphate was purchased from Sangon Biotech (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. Nutrient agar and eosin methylene blue were purchased from Beijing Solarbio Science and Technology Co., Ltd. Phosphoric acid, methanol, n-butanol, acetic anhydride, sulfuric acid, formaldehyde solution, sodium chloride, sodium citrate, and citric acid were purchased from Chengdu Kelong Chemical Reagent Factory (Chengdu, China). The diabetes-inducing agent streptozotocin (STZ) (S0130) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Sigma-Aldrich, Shanghai, China).

The experimental material was Ziyan tea fresh leaves from Mingshan District, Ya’an City, Sichuan Province, and the material tested was one bud and three leaves. Stability test materials, mainly including sodium chloride, potassium chloride, calcium chloride, magnesium chloride, aluminum chloride, zinc sulfate, copper sulfate, and sodium acetate were purchased from Chengdu Kelong Chemical Reagent Factory (Chengdu, China). Wall materials mainly included maltodextrin, gum arabic, and soybean isolate protein, and were purchased from Xilong Chemical Co., Ltd. (Chengdu, China). All other chemicals were of analytical purity and purchased from Chengdu Kelong Reagent Factory. Distilled water was used throughout the experiments.