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45 protocols using ab179461

1

Western Blot Analysis of AQP5 and JNK Proteins

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Protein was extracted using ice-cold lysis buffer and ultrasonic dispersion. The suspension was centrifuged at 15,000 rpm for 15 min and the supernatant protein content was determined with the BCA assay. Samples containing 30 µg protein were subjected to SDS-PAGE and then transferred to polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) membranes (Roche, Switzerland). Membranes were blocked with fat-free milk and then probed overnight with primary anti-AQP5 (sc-28628, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA, 1:500) primary anti-JNK (ab179461, Abcam, MA, USA, 1:500) and primary anti-p-JNK1/2 (ab124956, Abcam, MA, USA, 1:500), followed by incubating with horse radish peroxidase (HRP) conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG (Bioworld technology, Nanjing, China, 1:5000). Then they were developed with an an ECL detection system (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc., Santa Cruz, CA, USA). β-tubulin was used as a loading control.
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2

Quantifying JNK Translocation in Cardiomyocytes

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Primary antibody JNK (1:300, ab179461, Abcam) was employed to analyse the ratio of JNK nuclear translocation in primary cardiomyocyte. For details, see ESM Methods.
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3

Salivary Gland Protein Expression Analysis

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Total proteins were extracted from salivary glands tissues using RIPA lysis buffer. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (10%) was used for protein electrophoresis. The proteins were then transferred to the polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) membranes. After blocking with 5% bovine serum albumin, the membranes were incubated with diluted primary antibodies for 12 h at 4°C. After washing, the PDVF membranes were incubated with diluted goat anti-rabbit IgG H&L (HRP) (1:5,000, ab6721; Abcam), goat anti-mouse IgG H&L (HRP) (1:5,000, ab205719; Abcam) at room temperature for 2 h. The bands were detected using the ECL system (Bio-Rad) and analyzed using Image J. The primary antibodies used were p-NF-κB (1:1,000, ab239882; Abcam), NF-κB (1:1,000, ab207297), p-ERK (1:1,000, ab201015), ERK (1:10,000, ab184699), p-JNK (1:5,000, ab76572), JNK (1:1,000, ab179461), p-P38 (1:1,000, ab45381), P38 (1:1,000, ab170099), and β-actin (1 µg/ml; ab8226).
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4

Molecular Mechanisms of Apoptosis Regulation

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RevertAid First Strand cDNA Synthesis Kit was purchased from Thermo Fisher, Inc. qPCR SYBR Green Master Mix (Q141) was purchased from Vazyme. 18:1 LPA (L7260) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. One step TUNEL apoptosis assay kit (C1080), cell mitochondria isolation kit (C3601), and Rhodamine123 (C2007) were purchased from Beyotime. Anti-Bcl2 antibody (ab182858), anti-Bax antibody (ab32503), anti-p-JNK antibody (ab124956), and anti-JNK antibody (ab179461) were purchased from Abcam. Anti-p-ERK1/2 antibody (AP0472), anti-ERK1/2 antibody (A10613), anti-p-p38 antibody (AP0056), and anti-p38 antibody (A10832) were purchased from ABclonal. Anti-GAPDH antibody (10494-1-AP), anti-cleaved caspase-3 antibody (66470-2-Ig), and anti-COXIV antibody (11242-1-AP) were purchased from Proteintech. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8, HY-K0301), LPA1 receptor antagonist (AM095, HY-16039; BMS986020, HY-100619), LPA2 receptor antagonist (HY-18075), ERK1/2 inhibitor (U0126, HY-12031), p38 inhibitor (SB203580, HY-10256), and JNK inhibitor (SP600125, HY-12041) were purchased from MedChemExpress.
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5

Medicinal Plant Biomarker Analysis Protocol

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CF was picked in Foping County, Shaanxi Province in October 2018. The appearance and growing environment of CF used in this study is shown in Figure 1. A blood glucose meter was purchased from Houmei De Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Taiwan, China). The mouse total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), BCA, free fatty acids (FFA), malondialdehyde (MDA), total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) kits were purchased from Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute (Nanjing, China). The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits for mouse C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and insulin were from Shanghai Elisa Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). The antibodies against phospho-GSK3β (ab131097), GSK3β (ab131356), p65 (ab16502), PEPCK (ab181170), iNOS (1b178945), COX-2 (ab179800), phospho-TAK1 (ab192443), TAK1 (ab111096), phospho-AKT (ab38449), AKT (ab8805), phospho-IKKβ (ab59195), phospho-JNK (ab124956), and JNK (ab179461) were obtained from Abcam (Cambridge, UK). The secondary antibodies for Western blotting analysis were from ZSGB-BIO (Beijing, China).
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6

Immunoblotting Analysis of Protein Expression

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Cells were lysed by the RIPA lysis buffer (Beyotime, China) on ice. Protein concentrations were quantified by BCA protein assay (Beyotime, China). The immunoblots were probed with appropriate primary overnight at 4°C followed by incubation with the corresponding secondary antibodies at room temperature for 1 h.
The blots were infiltrated with ECL (Bio-Rad, USA) and detected by ChemiDoc™MP Imaging System (Bio-Rad, USA). The densitometry of target bands was normalized to internal control β-actin. The antibodies are listed as follow up: Runx2 (1:1000, ET1612-47, Huabio, Hangzhou, China); OPN (1:1000, 0806–6, Huabio, Hangzhou, China); cleaved-caspase 3 (1:1000, 9664S, Cell Signaling Technology, USA); cleaved-caspase 9 (1:1000, 9509S, Cell Signaling Technology, USA); TOM20 (1:1000, 42406S, Cell Signaling Technology, USA); cytochrome c (1:1000, 12,963, Cell Signaling Technology, USA); T-JNK (1:1000, ab179461, Abcam, UK); p-JNK (1:1000, ab124956, Abcam, UK); T-c-JUN (1:1000; ET1608-3, Huabio, Hangzhou, China); p-c-JUN (1:1000; ET-1608-4, Huabio, Hangzhou, China); β-actin (1:3000, R1102-1, Huabio, Hangzhou, China); tubulin (1:3000, M1305-2, Huabio, Hangzhou, China); anti-rabbit, anti-mouse secondary antibody (1:3000, #HA1011, #HA1006, Huabio, Hangzhou, China).
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7

Western Blot Analysis of Signaling Pathways in Kidney Injury

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RIPA buffer (Beyotime, Shanghai, China) supplemented with protease and phosphorylase inhibitors was added to lyse both kidney tissues and HK-2 cells. Later, proteins were separated through SDS-PAGE, followed by transfer on PVDF membranes. Thereafter, 5% BSA was added to block membranes under room temperature (RT) for a 1-h period, followed by primary antibody incubation, including NK-1R (ab183713, 1:1000; Abcam, Cambridge, MA, USA), SP (DF7522, 1:1000; Affinity Biosciences); α-SMA (19245, 1:5000), phosphorylated-p38 (4511, 1:1000), p38 (8690, 1:1000), phosphorylated-ERK (4370, 1:1000), ERK (4695, 1:1000), Cell Signaling Technology; phosphorylated-JNK (ab124956, 1:1000; Abcam), JNK (ab179461, 1:1000; Abcam); TFAP4 (12017-1-AP, 1:500; Proteintech), Collagen1 (14695-1-AP, 1:1000; Proteintech), and GAPDH (60004-1-Ig, 1:20000; Proteintech) under 4°C overnight. Afterward, HRP-labeled secondary antibodies (15015, 15014, diluted 1:10000; Proteintech) were added to further incubate membranes for 1 hour at RT. Protein detection was performed through WB Chemiluminescence Detection, with GAPDH being the endogenous reference.
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8

Western Blotting Analysis of Renal Proteins

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This technique was used for determination of protein expression of Nrf2, HO-1, pThr180/Tyr182-p38 MAPK, pThr183/Tyr185-JNK, Bax, and Bcl-2 in renal tissues [36 (link),37 (link)]. Briefly, the renal tissues were washed, homogenized (pre-cold lysis buffer), and supplemented with protease/phosphatase inhibitor cocktails (Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA). Total proteins determination was performed colorimetrically. Thirty µg of protein were incubated for 18–20 h at 4 °C with antibodies against Nrf2 (CAT # PA5-68817, Thermo Scientific, MA, USA), HO-1 (CAT.# ab13243, Abcam, CB, UK), JNK (CAT.# ab179461, Abcam, CB, UK), p-p38MAPK (CAT.# b170099, Abcam, CB, UK), Bax (CAT # MA5-14003, Thermo Scientific, MA, USA), Bcl-2 (CAT# PA5-27094, Thermo Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA), and β-actin (1:2500, # A5060, Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA). After membrane washing, suitable secondary antibodies (Dako, Glostrup, Denmark) incubation was done. The Western Lightning Plus ECL Chemiluminescence Reagents (Perkin Elmer, Waltham, MA, USA) were mixed, applied, and the band signals/intensities were then captured via Chemi-Doc imager (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA, USA).
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9

Western Blot Analysis of Signaling Proteins

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Cells were washed with 37 °C PBS, mixed with RIPA Lysis Buffer for 10 min at 4 °C, and centrifuged to yield whole-cell lysates. The protein sample (20 µg) was separated by SDS polyacrylamide gels with electrophoresis (Bio-Rad, USA), and the gel was transferred to polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes (Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA). The membranes were blocked with blocking buffer for 2 h and then incubated overnight at 4 °C with the corresponding primary antibodies, including phospho-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (P-ERK) (1:1,000 dilution, #4370, CST, USA), ERK (1:1,000 dilution, #4695, CST, USA), phospho-c-Jun N-terminal kinase (P-JNK) (1:1,000 dilution, ab124956, Abcam, Cambridge, UK), JNK (1:1,000 dilution, ab179461, Abcam, Cambridge, UK), phospho-p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (P-p38 MAPK) (1:1,000 dilution, #9211, CST, USA), p38 MAPK (1:1,000 dilution, #9212, CST, USA), NP (1:1,000 dilution, bs-4976R, Bioss, Beijing, China), and GAPDH (1:700, M00227-5, Boster, Wuhan, China). The membrane was washed with TBS-T and incubated with the HRP-goat anti-Rabbit IgG (1:5000 dilution, BA1054, Boster, Wuhan, China) as the secondary antibody and then developed in electrochemiluminescent western detection reagents (Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA).
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10

YfeA modulates signaling pathways in RAW 264.7 macrophages

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RAW 264.7 macrophages were treated with or without YfeA (20 µg/mL) for 12 h, the total cellular protein was extracted using a Protein Extracting Kit (Solarbio, Beijing, China). Aliquots corresponding to 50 µg of each sample were analyzed using Western blotting (WB). To analyze the YfeA-induced signal transduction residue phosphorylation, the primary monoclonal antibodies, including Erk1/2 (rabbit, 42/44 kDa; 1:2000; Abcam ab184699), p-Erk1/2 (rabbit, p-ERK1: Thr202/Tyr204, p-ERK2: Thr185/Tyr187; 42/44 kDa; 1:2000; Abcam ab278538), p38-MAPK (rabbit, 41 kDa; 1:1000; Abcam ab31828), p-p38-MAPK(rabbit, Tyr182; 41 kDa; 1:500; Abcam ab47363), JNK (rabbit, 48 kDa; 1:1000; Abcam ab179461), p-JNK (rabbit, Tyr185/223; 48 kDa; 1:10,000 Abcam ab76572), p65 (NF-κB; rabbit, 60 kDa; 1:2000; Abcam ab16502), p-p65 (NF-κB; rabbit, Ser536; 60 kDa; 1:5000; Abcam ab86299), TLR2 (rabbit, 89 kDa; 1:500; Abcam ab213676), and TLR4 (rabbit, 89 kDa; 1:500; Abcam ab13556) were applied at this stage.
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