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21 protocols using ecl prime blocking agent

1

Pol IV Protein Expression Analysis

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M9 glycerol cultures inducing wild-type, catalytically inactive, and β-binding-defective Pol IV were normalized to OD600 of 1.0, and 1 ml of each was pelleted, resuspended and boiled as described (Kim et al., 2001 (link)). Proteins were separated by 10% SDS-PAGE and transferred to PVDF membrane according to the manufacturer’s instructions (Amersham, GE Healthcare). The membranes were blocked with ECL Prime blocking agent (GE Healthcare) and probed with primary anti-Pol IV polyclonal antibody (Kim et al., 2001 (link)) (1:2000). The membrane was further probed with secondary polyclonal goat anti-rabbit IgG-Cy5 antibody (Bethyl Laboratories) and visualized by scanning in multicolor imager Typhoon detection system (GE Healthcare).
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2

SARS-CoV-2 Protein Detection by Western Blot

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Proteins were separated by SDS-PAGE electrophoresis on NuPAGE 10% Bis-Tris Gels (Invitrogen) using MES-SDS running buffer (50 mM MES, 50 mM Tris-base, 3.5 mM SDS, 1 mM EDTA, pH 7.3) under reducing conditions. Gels were visualized by Coomassie blue staining. For Western blot analysis, proteins were transferred to PVDF membranes (Amersham Hybond™-P, GE Healthcare) by semi-wet blotting (XCell II™ Blot Module, Invitrogen, Life Technologies) following the manufacturer’s instructions. Blots were blocked with 2% ECL Prime blocking agent (GE Healthcare) in PBS-T [PBS buffer supplemented with 0.1% (v/v) Tween-20]. For anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody detection, the blots were incubated with 1:20,000 HRP-conjugated rabbit anti-human IgG (Sigma-Aldrich, #A8792). For SARS-CoV-2 antigen detection, the blots were incubated with 1:2,000 Anti-His mouse monoclonal primary antibody (Qiagen, #34660) and then incubated with 1:10,000 peroxidase labeled anti-mouse IgG secondary antibody (GE Healthcare). Blots were developed with ECL Prime Western blotting Detection Reagent (GE Healthcare) and visualized using a Fujifilm LAS-3000 imager.
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3

Rb Protein Expression Analysis by Western Blot

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Cells were lysed with RIPA buffer containing Pefabloc (Sigma-Aldrich, Saint Louis, MO, USA). Lysates (100 µg) were mixed with sample buffer, denatured and loaded in Mini-Protean TGX precast gel (Bio-Rad) for SDS-PAGE and transferred to PVDF membranes (GE Healthcare, Chicago, IL, USA). Membranes were blocked with 3% ECL prime blocking agent (GE Healthcare) before primary antibodies (1:1000) against retinoblastoma protein (Rb (D20, Cat#9313S) or Phospho-Rb (Ser-795, Cat#9301S), Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA) were added. Membranes were washed with phosphate buffer saline (PBS)/0.05% Tween 20 before anti-rabbit IgG (1:9000, Cat#ab97051, Abcam, Cambridge, UK) was added. ECL prime western blotting detection reagents (GE Healthcare) were used for development, and bands were detected by ChemiDoc Touch Imaging system and analyzed with Image Lab 6 (Bio-Rad).
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4

Western Blot Analysis of Protein Expression

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Total protein was extracted from AGS and HEK cells transfected with either TBX3-expressing plasmid or an empty vector, using a lysis buffer consisting of 0.05 mol/L Tris·HCl (pH 7.5), 0.15 mol/L NaCl, 1% Triton X-100, 1% dithiothreitol, and proteinase inhibitor cocktail tablet (Complete mini; Roche Diagnostics). The extracted protein was supplemented with Laemmli sample buffer (Bio-Rad), boiled, and electrophoresed on 10% Tris-glycine polyacrylamide gel (Bio-Rad) and transferred to polyvinylidene difluoride membrane (Immobilon P; Merck-Millipore). After blocking with ECL prime blocking agent (GE Healthcare), the membrane was incubated with a primary antibody against the protein of interest, followed by incubation with the appropriate secondary antibody. Protein bands were detected with ECL advance reagent (GE Healthcare) and visualized using ChemiDoc MP imaging system (Bio-Rad).
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5

Western Blot Protein Quantification

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Protein concentration of RIPA lysates was measured by the bicinchoninic acid protein assay and 20 μg of each sample were loaded on 10% Bis-Tris gels from Novex Life Technologies for electrophoretic separation. Proteins were electrotransferred to nitrocellulose membranes (GE Healthcare Bio-Sciences), blocked for 1 h with 2% Amersham ECL Prime Blocking Agent in PBS containing 0.05% Tween-20 and incubated with primary antibody overnight at 4°C followed by incubation for 1 h with the appropriate HRP-conjugated secondary antibody. Detection with enhanced chemoluminescence reagent was performed with the Fusion FX system for Western blot and gel imaging, and quantified with FUSION CAPT V16.09b software (Vilber Lourmat, Marne La Vallée, France). The expression level of α-tubulin was used for normalization of protein expression in RIPA extracts and H3 expression level in histone extracts was applied to normalize the expression values of acH3 and acH4.
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6

Cerebral Cortex Tissue Protein Analysis

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Cerebral cortex tissue were obtained from mice 3 hours after sham operation or CA/CPR and treated with hypothermia or maintained at normothermia. Tissue homogenates were centrifuged and the supernatant proteins were fractionated on Mini-PROTEAN TGX gels (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA) and transferred to PVDF membranes. Membranes were blocked for 1 hour in 2% ECL Prime blocking agent (GE Healthcare, Piscataway, NJ) and incubated overnight with primary antibodies (Cell Signaling Technology Inc., Danvers, MA, unless otherwise noted) against NOS1 (1:5,000), NOS2 (1:5,000), total NOS3 (1:5,000; BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA), phospho NOS3 at Ser1177 (1:1,000), phosho NOS3 at Thr495 (1:5,000; BD Biosciences), total (1;1,000) and phospho Akt at Ser473 (1;1,000) and Ser308 (1;1,000), total (1;1,000) and phoshpho 5'-prime-Amp-activated protein kinase α (AMPKα) at Thr172 (1;1,000), total (1;1,000) and phospho VASP at Ser239 (1;1,000), Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90, 1;10,000), and β-tubulin (1:5,000). Bound antibody was detected with a horseradish peroxidase-linked antibody directed against rabbit IgG (1:5,000) or mouse IgG (1:20,000; Thermo-Pierce, Rockford, IL) and was visualized using chemiluminescence with Lumigen TMA-6 (Lumigen, Inc., Southfield, MI) or Immobilon Western (Millipore, Billerica, MA).
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7

Dot Blot Assay for T3 and Gag Detection

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Dot blot assays were performed as previously described (26 (link)). Briefly, 1 ml aliquots of LL-Wt and LL-Gag cultures cultured overnight were washed twice with PBS and resuspended in 100 μl of PBS; 5 μl of these preparations were spotted onto a nitrocellulose membrane and air-dried. After blocking for 1 hour at room temperature with 2% ECL prime blocking agent (GE Healthcare) in PBS + 0.05% Tween 20 (PBST), the membranes were incubated with a 1:4,000 dilution of a rabbit anti-T3 hyper immune serum or a 1:5,000 dilution of a mouse anti-Gag monoclonal antibody (clone H12.5c, NIH AIDS reagent program;). Membranes were then washed with PBST and incubated with a 1:10,000 dilution of anti-rabbit IgG-HRP (Southern Biotech, Birmingham, Alabama, USA) (anti-T3 antibody treated blots) or anti-mouse IgG-HRP (Southern Biotech, Birmingham, Alabama, USA) (anti-Gag antibody treated blots) at 1:10,000 dilutions. The presence of bound antibodies was detected using AEC substrate (BD Biosciences, San Jones, CA, USA).
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8

Detailed Western Blot Protocol

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Western blots were conducted as described [8] (link). Pure protein and cell-free medium samples were incubated at 72°C for 10 minutes in 1x NuPage SDS loading buffer, then run on a 4%–12% NuPAGE Novex Bis-Tris mini gel (Invitrogen). The proteins were then transferred to a PVDF membrane (pore size, 0.45 µm; Amersham Hybond-P), blocked with 2% ECL Prime blocking agent (GE Healthcare) in PBST for 1 hour at RT, and washed three times with PBST (3 minutes each). Monoclonal antibodies were diluted to 1 µg/mL in blocking solution and incubated with the blots for 1 hour at RT, then the blots were washed thrice again in PBST. GAM-HRP antibody (Promega) at a 1/10,000 dilution was incubated on the blot for 1 hour at RT. The blots were washed four more times with PBST (5 minutes each), and developed using Lumigen TMA-6 (Lumigen) substrate. The blots were visualized with a 5 minute exposure using a FluorChem HD2 (Alpha Innotech). All westerns were conducted three times.
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9

Abrin Protein Detection by Western Blot

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All gel electrophoresis equipment, buffers, gels and PVDF membranes were purchased from Invitrogen (Carlsbad, CA, USA). Pure or crude abrin samples were denatured at 72 °C for 10 min in NuPage LDS loading buffer, and then separated on a 4–12% NuPAGE Novex Bis-Tris mini gel. To visualize proteins directly after gel electrophoreses, gels were stained with SimplyBlue SafeStain (ThermoFisher, Waltham, MA, USA). For Western blot analyses, proteins were transferred to a PVDF membrane (pore size, 0.45 μm), blocked with 2% ECL Prime blocking agent (GE Healthcare) in PBST, and washed 3 times with PBST. Monoclonal antibodies were diluted to 200 ng/mL in blocking solution and incubated with the blots for 1 h at RT. After washing (3 times) in PBST, the blots were incubated with horseradish peroxidase-conjugated goat anti-mouse (GAM-HRP) antibody (Promega, Madison, WI, USA) at 25 ng/mL for 1 h at room temperature (RT). The blots were developed using TMA-6 substrate (Lumigen, Southfield, MI, USA) and visualized using a G:Box Chemi xx6 (Syngene, Cambridge, UK). All Western blots were replicated at least three times.
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10

Western Blot Analysis of RuvC

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Proteins were separated by 10% SDS–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and transferred to polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) membrane according to the manufacturer’s instructions (Amersham, GE Healthcare). The membranes were blocked with ECL Prime blocking agent (GE Healthcare) and probed with primary mouse anti-RuvC monoclonal immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies (Santa Cruz Biotechnology). The membrane was further probed with secondary polyclonal goat anti-IgG antibody (Bethyl Laboratories) and visualized by scanning in a multicolor imager Typhoon detection system (GE Healthcare).
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