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3 protocols using murf1

1

Western Blotting of Muscle Atrophy Markers

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Western blot was performed as previously described.17 (link) Cell lysates were loaded into sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel for electrophoresis. After the electrophoresis, the protein was transferred onto nitrocellulose membrane and blocked in 5% skim milk at room temperature for 1 hour, followed by the incubation with desirable antibodies against ZIP4 (Proteintech, 1:2000), ACSS2 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, 1:1000), ACTB (Proteintech, 1:10000), MuRF1 (R&D, 1:500), Atrogin-1 (ECM Biosciences, 1:1000), MHC (University of Iowa, 1:1000), SDC1 (Proteintech, 1:1000), p- GSK3β (CST, 1:1000), total- GSK3β (CST, 1:1000), p-CREB (CST, 1:1000), total-CREB (CST, 1:1000), ETV4 (Aviva Systems Biology, 1:1000), or mouse ZIP4 (R&D, 1:1000) at 4°C overnight. Then, the membrane was washed with Tris-Buffered Saline buffer with 0.1% Tween 20, followed by the incubation of IRDye secondary antibodies (1:10,000) at room temperature for 2 hours. The results were examined by Odyssey Imager (LI-COR).
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2

Western Blot Analysis of FoxO1 and MuRF1 Proteins

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Western blots were prepared essentially as described in [50 (link)]. Fifteen to thirty μg protein were reduced, denatured and electrophoretically separated on a 12% polyacrylamide gel with a 5.2% polyacrylamide stacking gel on top. Gels were electroblotted onto PVDF Plus transfer membranes (Amersham Hybond-P, GE Healthcare, Buckinghamshire, England) and the membranes were blocked and then incubated with antibodies. Primary antibodies for detecting total-FoxO1 (rabbit monoclonal) (C29H4) [2880] and pFoxO1 S256 (rabbit polyclonal) [9461] were obtained from Cell Signaling Technology (Beverly, CA), MuRF1 (goat polyclonal) [AF5366] was obtained from R&D systems (Abingdon, England) and Ac-FoxO1 (rabbit polyclonal) (FKHR D19) [49437] from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA). All primary antibodies were used at a dilution of 1/800 – 1/1500. Antibodies were visualized with horseradish peroxidise conjugated secondary immunoglobulin diluted 1/1000 goat anti-rabbit IgG [P0448] and 1/1000-1/10000 rabbit anti-goat IgG [P0449] (Dako, Glostrup, Denmark). The bound immune complexes were detected using the ECL Plus Western blotting detection system and Hyperfilm ECL (Amersham International and Amersham Pharmacia Biotech, Buckinghamshire, England).
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3

Assaying Protein Interactions and Modifications

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Cells were lysed in Cell Lysis Buffer (Cell Signaling), supplemented with protease (#11697498001; Roche) and phosphatase inhibitors (#04906845001; Roche), in addition to 0.2 M glycerol-2-phosphate (Sigma-Aldrich) and resolved on NuPAGE gels (Novex; Life Technologies). Primary antibodies used in this study are β-actin (1:10,000, Cat. #A5441; Sigma-Aldrich), CAP350 (1:1000, Cat. #20022-1-AP; Acris Antibodies, San Diego, CA, USA), FLAG-TRα (1:1000, anti-FLAG #F7425; Sigma-Aldrich), GAPDH (1:10,000, Cat. #G8795; Sigma-Aldrich), MuRF1 (1:250–1:1000, #AF5366; R&D Systems), GAPDH (1:4000, G8795; Sigma-Aldrich), p-Rb (#sc-50; Santa Cruz Biotechnology), myc-tagged MuRF1 (1:4000, anti-myc, #C4439; or anti-myc-HRP-linked primary, 1:10,000, #A5598; Sigma-Aldrich), glutathione-S-transferase (GST)-tagged TRα (anti-GST; #G1160; Sigma-Aldrich, 1:10,000), TRα (PA1-211A; Thermo Scientific, 1:500), and HA-ubiquitin (anti-HA; #sc-57592, 1:1000). HRP-linked secondary antibodies used in this study are anti-mouse (#NA931V; GE Healthcare Life Sciences, 1:10,000), anti-rabbit (#A9169, Sigma-Aldrich, 1:20,000), and anti-goat (#A5420; Sigma-Aldrich, 1:10,000).
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