UV radiation at 254 nm was performed according to Cortesão et al. (2020) (link) with slight modifications. Cell suspensions were prepared as described before and diluted 1:100 in PBS. 20 ml of the cell suspensions were transferred to sterile petri dishes (9 cm) which were placed on top of a magnetic stirrer under the filtered UV lamp (254 nm, VL-6.LC, Vilber, Eberhardzell, Germany). A sterile stirring bar inside the cell suspension was used to create constant stirring during irradiation. Cells were irradiated with the lid of the petri dish open for time spans according to doses of 10, 50, 100, and 150 J/m2. An untreated sample was used as 0 J/m2 control. After irradiation, CFU/ml were determined and survival fractions were calculated by dividing the number of CFU/ml after irradiation (N) by the initial CFU/mL (N0). The dose which is lethal for 90% of cells (LD90) was calculated by linear regression of the survival fraction data.
Vl 6 lc
Manufactured by Vilber
Sourced in France, Germany
The VL-6.LC is a laboratory equipment designed for general scientific applications. It serves as a light source for various experimental purposes. The device utilizes LED technology to provide illumination across a wide range of wavelengths.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Uv 254 plates, by Vilber (2 mentions)
Pe 2400 chns o elemental analyzer, by PerkinElmer (2 mentions)
Avance 400 nanobay, by Bruker (2 mentions)
Vector 22 spectrometer, by Bruker (2 mentions)
Mc1f10hp, by Thorlabs (1 mentions)
Det210, by Thorlabs (1 mentions)
8453 uv vis, by Agilent Technologies (1 mentions)
S 4700, by Hitachi (1 mentions)
D max 2200, by Rigaku (1 mentions)
Jem arm200f, by JEOL (1 mentions)
Jsm 7401f, by JEOL (1 mentions)
Avance 3 hd, by Bruker (1 mentions)
Sirion 400, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Uv 2550, by Shimadzu (1 mentions)
Minolta cs 2000, by Konica Minolta (1 mentions)
Lambda 750, by PerkinElmer (1 mentions)
Jsm 7600f, by JEOL (1 mentions)
Cs 2000, by Konica Minolta (1 mentions)
Jnm ecz400s l1, by JEOL (1 mentions)
15 protocols using vl 6 lc
1
UV Radiation Inactivation Assay
2
Quantifying QD Degradation Under UV
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The red QD solution was diluted from a red QD stock solution (30 wt% or 1.76 × 10−1 mg mL−1) with toluene to 5.87 × 10−4 mg mL−1 for UV irradiation experiments. We first diluted stock solution into 5.87 × 10−3 mg mL−1 and then re-diluted with toluene to 5.87 × 10−4 mg mL−1. The QD stock solution is highly concentrated, therefore large number of QDs are observable even after the dilution within field of views of (S)TEM used in this study (Suppl. Fig. 17 ). The red QD solution was diluted with toluene to 5.87 × 10−4 mg mL−1 for UV irradiation experiments. 3 mL of the diluted QD solution was placed in the 5 mL vial, and then, the UV light (365 nm) was irradiated with a portable UV lamp (VL-6.LC, Vilber) for 3, 6, 12, 24, 72 h. The power of the UV lamp was 6 W and the power density was 610 μW cm−2 at 15 cm. The distance between the UV lamp and the vial was approximately 5 cm.
3
Optical Gain Characterization of Channel Waveguides
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The
optical net gain
of the channel waveguide was measured in the spectral domain for a
continuous wave diode laser emitting at 450 nm (Roithner LD 450-1600MG).
The experimental setup used is represented inFigure 7 . The laser signal was coupled to an optical
fiber aligned with the channel waveguide using a positioning system
(Thorlabs, NanoMax-TS). The propagated signal was collected at the
channel output using the above-mentioned positioning system and spectrometer,
with an integration time of 10–2 s and an average
of five scans.
The net gain was also measured in the time domain using a
modulated
optical signal, pulsed with a mechanical chopper (MC1F10HP, Thorlabs).
For this characterization, the waveguide output optical signal was
aligned to a photodiode (DET210, Thorlabs), connected to an oscilloscope
(MSO7014B, Agilent Technologies). These measurements were performed
under daylight and for two independent optical pumping (UV excitation)
configurations: (i) externally to the channel using a UV pump (VL-6.LC,
Vilber) as an external waveguide perpendicular pumping architecture
or (ii) with an optical signal from a UV-emitting diode (MCLS LED
365, Ocean Optics), injected in the channel input as a co-propagation
pumping architecture. This pumping solution provides a compact and
integrated system.
optical net gain
of the channel waveguide was measured in the spectral domain for a
continuous wave diode laser emitting at 450 nm (Roithner LD 450-1600MG).
The experimental setup used is represented in
fiber aligned with the channel waveguide using a positioning system
(Thorlabs, NanoMax-TS). The propagated signal was collected at the
channel output using the above-mentioned positioning system and spectrometer,
with an integration time of 10–2 s and an average
of five scans.
The net gain was also measured in the time domain using a
modulated
optical signal, pulsed with a mechanical chopper (MC1F10HP, Thorlabs).
For this characterization, the waveguide output optical signal was
aligned to a photodiode (DET210, Thorlabs), connected to an oscilloscope
(MSO7014B, Agilent Technologies). These measurements were performed
under daylight and for two independent optical pumping (UV excitation)
configurations: (i) externally to the channel using a UV pump (VL-6.LC,
Vilber) as an external waveguide perpendicular pumping architecture
or (ii) with an optical signal from a UV-emitting diode (MCLS LED
365, Ocean Optics), injected in the channel input as a co-propagation
pumping architecture. This pumping solution provides a compact and
integrated system.
4
Characterization of Synthesized Compounds
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TLC was performed on Merck UV 254 plates with Vilber Lourmat VL-6.LC UV lamp (254 nm) control. Elemental analysis of synthesized compounds was done on the PerkinElmer PE 2400 CHNS/O Elemental Analyzer. NMR spectra were recorded on Bruker Avance 400 Nanobay with signals from residual protons of deuterated solvents (CDCl3 or DMSO-d6) as internal standard. MALDI mass-spectra were measured on UltraFlex III TOF/TOF with DHB matrix, laser Nd:YAG, λ = 355 nm. The IR spectra were recorded on a Bruker Vector-22 spectrometer. Powdered samples were mixed with KBr and then pressed in a press form to give KBr tablet. The melting points were measured using the Stuart SMP10.
All reagents were purchased from either Acros or Sigma-Aldrich and used without further purification. Solvents were purified according to standard methods.33 hex-5-yn-1-yl 4-methylbenzenesulfonate,34 (link) 11,23-bis(chloromethyl)-25,27-dihydroxy-26,28-dibutoxycalix[4]arene 3 (ref. 22 (link)) and 11,23-bis[3-(1-(3-azidopropyl))-1H-imidazolium)methyl]-25,27-dihydroxy-26,28-dibutoxycalix[4]arene dichloride 5 (ref. 22 (link)) were synthesized by previously reported methods.
All reagents were purchased from either Acros or Sigma-Aldrich and used without further purification. Solvents were purified according to standard methods.33 hex-5-yn-1-yl 4-methylbenzenesulfonate,34 (link) 11,23-bis(chloromethyl)-25,27-dihydroxy-26,28-dibutoxycalix[4]arene 3 (ref. 22 (link)) and 11,23-bis[3-(1-(3-azidopropyl))-1H-imidazolium)methyl]-25,27-dihydroxy-26,28-dibutoxycalix[4]arene dichloride 5 (ref. 22 (link)) were synthesized by previously reported methods.
5
Perovskite Photodetector Characterization
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The crystal structure of the perovskite film was investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD, DMAX 2200, Rigaku, Japan) with a scan rate of 3.00°/min. The morphology of the photodetector surface was observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM, S-4700, Hitachi, Japan). The light absorptivity of the device was measured using UV-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy (UV-vis 8453, Agilent, Santa Clara, CA, USA). The electrical response of the perovskite photodetector was measured with a combined source and measurement meter (Source Measure Unit, Keithley Instruments, Cleveland, OH, USA) and a UV lamp (6 W, 254 nm) (VL-6.LC, Vilber Lourmat, Marne-la-Vallée, France) under 254 nm irradiation.
6
Optical Gain Measurement using Variable Stripe Length
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The optical
gain was measured using the variable stripe length (VSL) method. A
narrow stripe on the sample surface was optically excited and the
amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) signal intensity (IASE) was collected from the edge of the sample as a function
of the stripe length (L).49 (link) To have a narrow stripe on the sample surface with a variable length,
a slit (aperture of 1.5 × 10–3 m) and a movable
shutter connected to two translation stages (Thorlabs, 13 mm) were
used, allowing the stripe length to be controlled within the limits
2.5 ≥ L ≥ 0 (×10–2 m). To detect the IASE, an optical fiber
(Quartz fiber, SMA MMF) and a spectrometer (MAYA Pro 2000, Oceans
Optics) were used. The emission spectra were acquired with an integration
time of 5 s and 15 scans excited with a UV pump (Vilber VL-6.LC) emitting
at 365 nm.
gain was measured using the variable stripe length (VSL) method. A
narrow stripe on the sample surface was optically excited and the
amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) signal intensity (IASE) was collected from the edge of the sample as a function
of the stripe length (L).49 (link) To have a narrow stripe on the sample surface with a variable length,
a slit (aperture of 1.5 × 10–3 m) and a movable
shutter connected to two translation stages (Thorlabs, 13 mm) were
used, allowing the stripe length to be controlled within the limits
2.5 ≥ L ≥ 0 (×10–2 m). To detect the IASE, an optical fiber
(Quartz fiber, SMA MMF) and a spectrometer (MAYA Pro 2000, Oceans
Optics) were used. The emission spectra were acquired with an integration
time of 5 s and 15 scans excited with a UV pump (Vilber VL-6.LC) emitting
at 365 nm.
7
Degradation and Photostability of Quantum Dot-Polymer Composites
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QDRs dispersed in hexane (5 mg mL−1) and QDRs in CDNA (3.0 and 6.0 wt%) solution were drop-cast on a copper mesh grid of a high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM), followed by drying for 1 h at 60 °C. The grids with QDRs and QDRs embedded in CDNA were placed inside the HRTEM (Cs-corrected/EDS/EELS, JEM ARM 200F, JEOL Corp., Tokyo, Japan) under an ultra-vacuum for imaging. The surface degradation of QDRs embedded in CDNA thin films was measured using a field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) (JSM 7401F, JEOL Corp., Tokyo, Japan). Before the measurement, the QDR-CDNA thin film surface was coated with a platinum conductive layer (∼10 nm) by sputtering to reduce thermal damage and improve the secondary electron signals.
The photostability of QDRs embedded in CDNA was measured by exposing them to UV light (VL-6.LC, Vilber Lourmat, Suebia, Germany) having a wavelength of 254 nm (6 W, 610 μW cm−2) at room temperature. The sample was placed 5 cm away from the surface of the lamp to avoid direct thermal degradation. The setup was isolated from ambient light by placing it in a black enclosure (Fig. 4 ).
The photostability of QDRs embedded in CDNA was measured by exposing them to UV light (VL-6.LC, Vilber Lourmat, Suebia, Germany) having a wavelength of 254 nm (6 W, 610 μW cm−2) at room temperature. The sample was placed 5 cm away from the surface of the lamp to avoid direct thermal degradation. The setup was isolated from ambient light by placing it in a black enclosure (
8
UV-Induced Adaptive Resistance in MCF7
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Irradiation was conducted using 6W UV-lamp, emitting 254 nm light (model VL-6.LC; Vilber Lourmat). MCF7 cells were exposed to UVC irradiation (254 nm) at intensities of 50 J/m2. For the selection of UV-resistant cells, MCF7 cells were exposed to UVC once every three days for a duration of 4 weeks. Subsequently, cell growth was sustained for a minimum of 40 days following the conclusion of the last irradiation cycle.
9
Characterization of Synthetic Compounds
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TLC was performed on Merck UV 254 plates with Vilber Lourmat VL-6.LC UV lamp (254 nm) control. Elemental analysis of synthesized compounds was done on the PerkinElmer PE 2400 CHNS/O Elemental Analyzer. NMR spectra were recorded on Bruker Avance 400 Nanobay with signals from residual protons of deuterated solvents (CDCl3 or DMSO-d6) as the internal standard. MALDI mass spectra were measured on UltraFlex III TOF/TOF with PNA matrix, laser Nd:YAG, λ = 355 nm. The IR spectra were recorded on a Bruker Vector-22 spectrometer. Samples were prepared as thin films, obtained from chloroform solutions dried on the surface of the KBr tablet. The melting points were measured using the Stuart SMP10.
10
Automation of UV Irradiation Measurements
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Samples were irradiated with a Vilber Lourmat VL‐6.LC (6 W, 365 nm). Switching was controlled using a timer clock for the supply voltage. Currents were measured with a Keithley 2700/7700/E digital multimeter. The data collection was automated and recorded using Labview software.
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