Propranolol HCl (Sigma-Aldrich) was dissolved in saline at a ratio of 2 mg/ml, unless otherwise specified, and anisomycin (Sigma-Aldrich) at a ratio of 30 mg/1,500 ml. The mice in the experimental groups received 10 mg per kg body weight of propranolol (Przybyslawski et al., 1999 (link); Villain et al., 2016 (link)) or anisomycin at 150 mg per kg body weight (Suzuki et al., 2004 (link); Rao-Ruiz et al., 2011 (link)). The mice in the control group received the same volume of saline. The drugs were administered immediately after memory reactivation through intraperitoneal injections in all experiments.
Propranolol hcl
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States
Propranolol HCl is a hydrochloride salt of propranolol, a synthetic beta-adrenergic blocking agent. It is a white, crystalline powder that is soluble in water, alcohol, and chloroform. Propranolol HCl is commonly used in various pharmaceutical and research applications.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Atenolol, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Anisomycin, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Citric acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Calf thymus dna, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Hepg2 cell line, by American Type Culture Collection (1 mentions)
Phosphoric acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
L arginine, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Lc ms grade solvents, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
D cycloserine, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Yohimbine, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Nadolol, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Clonidine hcl, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Yohimbine hcl, by Bio-Techne (1 mentions)
Tween 80, by Vetec (1 mentions)
Histamine dihydrochloride, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
U46619, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Phosphate buffered saline (pbs), by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Epidermal growth factor (egf), by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Ici 118 551, by Bio-Techne (1 mentions)
Cgp 12177, by Bio-Techne (1 mentions)
9 protocols using propranolol hcl
1
Modulation of Memory Reconsolidation in Mice
2
Bioresorbable Polymer Formulation Development
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The PLLA control, with an inherent viscosity of 1.0 dl/g was obtained from Purac (Gorinchem, Netherlands). mPEG functionalised PLLA’s were produced by Ashland and supplied from the Viatel™ bioresorbable polymer platform for this project. Propranolol.HCl was supplied from Sigma Aldrich. Liquid carbon dioxide was supplied by BOC gases.
3
Comprehensive Chemical Sourcing for Cell Studies
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Standards of aflatoxins, propranolol HCl, atenolol, LCMS grade solvents, L-arginine, citric acid, phosphoric acid, calf thymus DNA, pooled human plasma, and buffer reagents were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). HepG2 cell line was purchased from ATCC (Manassas, VA). HepaRG cell line was purchased from Biopredic International (Saint Grégoire, France). HepaRG additives (ADD711) were purchased from Lonza (Walkersville, MD). Plates containing 21-day Caco-2 monolayers as well as Caco-2 assay buffers were purchased from MB Biosciences (Chestnut Hill, MA). Cells were all authenticated by manufacturers and were passaged for less than 6 months before collecting data for all experiments. All other cell culture materials, cell sorting set-up beads (for blue lasers), and rapid equilibrium dialysis plates (8K molecular weight cutoff) were purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA). Ames’ test kits (Muta-chromoplate™) and rat liver microsomes were purchased from ebpi (Ontario, Canada). MicroFlow®In Vitro micronucleus kits were purchased from Litron Laboratories (Rochester, NY). AFB2a-Arg was synthesized and purified according to previous methods published by our lab [29 (link)].
4
Adrenergic Modulation of Fear Memory
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yohimbine HCl (Tocris) was administered in a dose (1.0mg/kg) able to potentiate fear memory consolidation (Gazarini et al., 2013 (link)). The lipophilic β-adrenoceptor antagonist propranolol HCl (10mg/kg) and the hydrophilic β-adrenoceptor antagonist nadolol (10mg/kg) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich and used to investigate the role of central and peripheral β-adrenoceptors in the enhanced noradrenergic activity induced by yohimbine. In any case, the dose selected was able to prevent the facilitating effects of other β-adrenoceptor agonists on fear memory consolidation (Gazarini et al., 2013 (link)). Clonidine HCl (Sigma-Aldrich; 0.3mg/kg) and cannabidiol (THC-Pharma; 10mg/kg) were administered at putative memory reconsolidation-disrupting doses (Stern et al., 2012 (link), Gazarini et al., 2013 (link)). D-cycloserine (Sigma-Aldrich) was administered in a dose (15mg/kg) able to potentiate fear memory labilization (Bustos et al., 2010 (link)). All drugs were dissolved in 0.9% NaCl, except for cannabidiol, which was dissolved in NaCl 0.9% containing 5% of Tween 80® (Vetec) and administered systemically in a volume of 1.0ml/kg.
5
Functional Assay for Navafenterol
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Navafenterol was provided by AstraZeneca. Propranolol HCl, diluent DMSO, histamine dihydrochloride and thromboxane A2 analog (U46619) were obtained from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). HAM/F-12 cell culture medium, PBS and media supplements were purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA).
6
Screening of Small Molecule Modulators
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Acebutolol, alprenolol, atenolol, bucindolol, carazolol, carvedilol, CGP12177, ICI 118551, isoproterenol, labetalol, metoprolol, nadolol, nebivolol, pronethalol, timolol, and 2-{[β-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]aminomethyl}-1-tetralone hydrochloride (HEAT HCl) were purchased from Tocris (Bristol, United Kindom). Propranolol HCl and 4-hydroxycarbazole were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO) and bupranolol was obtained from Abcam (Cambridge, UK). All compounds were dissolved in DMSO to obtain a 10 mM stock concentration, which was stored at -20°C. EGF was purchased from Peprotech (Rocky Hill, NJ) and dissolved in sterile deionized water at a 10 ug/mL stock and stored at -80°C. Primers were purchased from IDT (Coralville, IA). The lentiviral vector pLV-H1-EF1α-puro, annealing buffer, packaging vector, and polybrene were purchased from Biosettia Inc. (San Diego, CA). 4-hydroxycarbazole (4-OHC) was purchased from Sigma Aldrich
7
In Vitro Permeability Assay
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Ascorbic acid, atenolol, dantrolene sodium, gabapentin, hydrocortisone, Ko143, metoprolol tartrate, naproxen, phenytoin sodium, sulpiride, propranolol HCl, type I rat tail collagen solution, lucifer yellow CH dipotassium salt (LY), fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)–dextran (4 and 40 kDa), rhodamine 123, and 7.5% sodium bicarbonate solution were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Midazolam was purchased from Cerilliant (Austin, TX, USA). Fexofenadine hydrochloride, carbamazepine, donepezil HCl, and cyclosporine A were purchased from Tokyo Chemical Industry (Tokyo, Japan).
Molecular, Cellular, and Development Biology 131 medium (MCDB131 medium), fetal bovine serum (FBS), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), chemically defined lipid concentrate, N-2-hydroxyethylpiperazine–N′-2-ethanesulfonic acid (HEPES), Hanks’ balanced salt solution (HBSS), 0.25% trypsin-EDTA, penicillin-streptomycin, and Insulin-transferrin-selenium-ethanolamine (ITS) were purchased from Gibco (Grand Island, NY, USA). HPLC grade methanol and water were purchased from Fisher Scientific Korea (Seoul, Republic of Korea).
Molecular, Cellular, and Development Biology 131 medium (MCDB131 medium), fetal bovine serum (FBS), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), chemically defined lipid concentrate, N-2-hydroxyethylpiperazine–N′-2-ethanesulfonic acid (HEPES), Hanks’ balanced salt solution (HBSS), 0.25% trypsin-EDTA, penicillin-streptomycin, and Insulin-transferrin-selenium-ethanolamine (ITS) were purchased from Gibco (Grand Island, NY, USA). HPLC grade methanol and water were purchased from Fisher Scientific Korea (Seoul, Republic of Korea).
8
Isoproterenol-Induced Cardiac Stress Testing
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A group of transgenic and wild type mice was assigned to a isoproterenol-treated group (TG n = 12; WT n = 13). Isoproterenol HCl (I6504, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO), which is a synthetic catecholamine that stimulates both β1 and β2 adrenergic receptors (no alpha receptor capabilities), was administered intravenous by catheterization of the internal jugular vein at increasing concentrations (0,02 μg/kg/min. → 0,05 μg/kg/min. → 0,1 μg/kg/min. → 0,2 μg/kg/min.; with step-up every 3 minutes). Then, all animal were treated with intravenous propranolol HCl (P0884, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO) as a nonselective β AR blocker at a dosis of 1 mg/kg/min for 2 minutes.
To evaluate the extent of maximal β-adrenergic stimulation, additional transgenic animals (n = 7) were exposed to higher doses of isoproterenol (0,2 μg/kg/min. → 0,5 μg/kg/min. → 1,0 μg/kg/min. → 1,5 μg/kg/min. → 2,0 μg/kg/min.; with step-up every 3 minutes). This was carried out in an additional experimental setup to avoid the influence of volume overload.
To evaluate the extent of maximal β-adrenergic stimulation, additional transgenic animals (n = 7) were exposed to higher doses of isoproterenol (0,2 μg/kg/min. → 0,5 μg/kg/min. → 1,0 μg/kg/min. → 1,5 μg/kg/min. → 2,0 μg/kg/min.; with step-up every 3 minutes). This was carried out in an additional experimental setup to avoid the influence of volume overload.
9
Pharmacological Interventions in Rodent Behavior
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Drugs and suppliers were (-)-nicotine hydrogen tartrate salt, S(-)sulpiride, and (±)propranolol HCl (Sigma-Aldrich, Oakville ON, Canada); SCH 39166 HBr (Tocris, Oakville ON, Canada); mecamylamine HCl, prazosin HCl, and naloxone HCl (Toronto Research Chemicals, Toronto ON, Canada); and rimonabant-free base (gift from the NIMH Chemical Synthesis and Drug Supply Program, USA).
Drugs were dissolved in sterile 0.9% saline, except as follows. Prazosin HCl was dissolved in water, with sonication. Rimonabant was dissolved in a vehicle of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), Tween-80, and 0.9% saline, in a ratio of 1:2:7. Sulpiride was suspended in saline, and then dissolved by addition of glacial acetic acid (0.8% v/v), with the final pH increased to 6.0 by dropwise addition of 5 M NaOH. This DMSO/Tween vehicle was also pH-adjusted to 6.0 before being given alone. Nicotine solutions were adjusted to pH 7.1-7.3 with dilute NaOH. Drugs were administered in a volume of 1 ml/kg except for prazosin HCl (2 ml/kg). Doses of all drugs are expressed as the base. Drug solutions were aliquotted and stored at -20 °C until the day of use. Doses, routes, and times of administration are stated in Table 1. The choice of doses and timing of pretreatment injections was based on the published literature, as documented in Supplementary Table S1.
Drugs were dissolved in sterile 0.9% saline, except as follows. Prazosin HCl was dissolved in water, with sonication. Rimonabant was dissolved in a vehicle of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), Tween-80, and 0.9% saline, in a ratio of 1:2:7. Sulpiride was suspended in saline, and then dissolved by addition of glacial acetic acid (0.8% v/v), with the final pH increased to 6.0 by dropwise addition of 5 M NaOH. This DMSO/Tween vehicle was also pH-adjusted to 6.0 before being given alone. Nicotine solutions were adjusted to pH 7.1-7.3 with dilute NaOH. Drugs were administered in a volume of 1 ml/kg except for prazosin HCl (2 ml/kg). Doses of all drugs are expressed as the base. Drug solutions were aliquotted and stored at -20 °C until the day of use. Doses, routes, and times of administration are stated in Table 1. The choice of doses and timing of pretreatment injections was based on the published literature, as documented in Supplementary Table S1.
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