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9 protocols using h3k36me2

1

ChIP-seq Analysis of H3K27me3 and H3K36me2

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CD8+ splenic T cells from wild-type and cTKO mice were isolated by flow cytometry. ChIP against H3K27me3 (1 μg; Millipore, 07–449) and H3K36me2 (1 μg; Millipore, 07–274) and sequencing library preparation was performed exactly as previously described26 (link). Adapters were trimmed using BBTools28 (link). Alignment to mm10 was performed using Bowtie221 (link) and duplicate reads were marked using Picard and removed using SAMtools. Signal normalization between samples was performed using THOR30 (link). ChIP-seq signal intensity was calculated for chromatin states using GRanges and custom R scripts (Supplementary File 1).
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2

Whole-Cell Yeast Extract Preparation

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Whole-cell extracts for yeast were prepared according to protocol published elsewhere25 (link). Briefly, 5 ml yeast cultures grown to the mid-log phase were collected, washed once with water and resuspended in 400 μl of 2 M NaOH with 8% β-mercaptoethanol. The suspension was incubated on ice for 5 min, followed by a 10 min spin at 16,000 g. The supernatant was removed and the pellet was resuspended in 400 μl of Buffer A (40 mM HEPES-KOH pH 7.5, 350 mM NaCl. 0.1% Tween-20, 10% glycerol and protease inhibitors) incubated in ice for 10 min and harvested as above. The resultant pellet was resuspended in 2 × SDS loading dye and separated on a 15% SDS–PAGE gel. The gel was transferred to an activated PVDF membrane using the wet-transfer method. Antibodies used for chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and western blotting are H3 (Abcam, #1791), H3K36me3 (Abcam, #9050) H3K36me2 (Millipore, #07–369) and H3K36me1 (Abcam, #9048). All the antibodies were used at a dilution of 1:1,000 for the western blot. Original uncropped blots of all western blots used for the figures are shown in Supplementary Fig. 9.
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3

Nuclear Protein Extraction and Detection

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Nuclear proteins were extracted using the Nuclear Complex Co-IP Kit (Active Motif). Proteins were electrophoretically separated, blotted and detected using enhanced chemiluminescence. Primary antibodies used were: H3K36me2 (Millipore 07-369), H3K27me3 (Millipore 07-449), MMSET [12] (link), c-MYC (Abcam ab32072), HDAC2 (Millipore 05-814) and pan-H4 (Abcam ab7311). The secondary antibody used was horseradish peroxidase-conjugated donkey anti-rabbit IgG (GE Healthcare Life Sciences).
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4

Antibody Panel for Epigenetic Markers

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Antibodies against H3K36me2 (Millipore, Billerica, MA; 07-274, dilution (1:2000)), BRCA1 (07-434 dilution (1:1000)), Flag (Sigma, St. Louis, MO; F3165, dilution into 1 ng/ml)), NSD2 (EpiCypher, Durham, NC; 13-0002 dilution (1:1000)), MMSET/NDS2 (Abcam, ab75359 dilution (1:1000)), APC-CD235A (eBioscience, Waltham, MA;17-9987-42), FK2 (Enzo Life Sciences, Farmingdale, NY; BML-pw-8810-0100, dilution (1:1000)), β-actin (sc-47778 dilution (1:1000)), H3 (sc-8654, dilution (1:1000)), PARP1 (sc-56197, dilution (1:1000)), and tubulin (sc-9103, dilution (1:1000)) (all from Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Dallas, TX) were employed.
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5

Histone Modification Profiling Assay

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Antibodies against GAPDH (CSB-PA00025A0Rb; Cus Ab); AURKA (sc-373856), YY1 (sc-7341), p21 (sc-397), and H3 (sc-8654) (Santa Cruz Biotechnology); H3K4me2 (07-030), H3K9me2 (07-441), H3K27me2 (07-452), and H3K36me2 (07-274) (Millipore); and H3S10ph (9701S) (Cell Signaling Technology) were used for western blot and ChIP analyses.
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6

Mammary Cell Culture and Epigenetic Analysis

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Human primary mammary cells were purchased from Chi Scientific and cultured in DMEM/F12 (10 % FBS, with addition of insulin, hydrocortisone, and EGF) at 37 °C with 5 % CO2. MCF7 was purchased from Cell Bank of Chinese Academy and cultured in DMEM with FBS, insulin (10 μg/mL), sodium pyruvate (Invitrogen), and nonessential amino acid (Invitrogen); T47D is a gift from Dr. Yong-Feng Shang of Tianjin Medical University and cultured in RPMI1640 with FBS and insulin. Both the primary cells and cancer cell lines were sub-cultured 1:4 on reaching confluence; each passage was considered two PD.
Antibodies were purchased from the indicated companies: H3K9ac, hTERT, KRT14, and ACTG (Epitomics); KRT18 (ProteinTech), JMJD1B, JMJD2B, JMJD2A, H4K20me3, H3K79me2, E-cadherin, and RAS (CST); H3K4me1, H3K4me3, H3K27me3, H3K27me1, H3K27me2, and H3K36me2 (Millipore); H3, H3K9me1, H3K4me2, and H3K36me3 (Abcam); H3K9me2, H3K9me3, GAPDH, EHMT2, SUV39H1, CBX5, DNMT3A, DNMT3B, DNMT1, and KDM1A (Abclonal); KDM3A/JMJD1A (Abclonal for western and Millipore for immunostaining). The information of primers and siRNAs are listed in Additional file 2: Table S16.
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7

Visualizing Histone Methylation Patterns

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Nuclei transfected with JMJ13-GFP or JMJ13H293A/E295A-GFP mutants were visualized by observing the GFP signal under a fluorescence microscope. Immunolabeling was performed by using histone methylation-specific antibodies (H3K27me3, Millipore 07-449; H3K27me2, Millipore 07-452; H3K27me1, Millipore 07-448; H3K4me3, Millipore 07-473; H3K4me2, Millipore 07-030; H3K4me1, Millipore 07-436; H3K9me3, Millipore 07-442; H3K9me2, Millipore 07-441; H3K9me1, Millipore 07-450; H3K36me3, Abcam ab9050; H3K36me2, Millipore 07-274; H3K36me1, Millipore 07-548). All these antibodies were diluted by 1:100. Alexa Fluor 555 or 488-conjugated goat anti-rabbit (1:500, Invitrogen) were used as secondary antibodies to determine the specific lysine modification site in vivo. After incubation with secondary antibody, nuclei on the slide were mounted by one drop of VECTASHIELD Mounting Medium with 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) (Vector Laboratories), then photographed under a fluorescent microscope (Olympus BX51). ImageJ (National Institutes of Health) was used for quantification of the immunolabeled nuclei.
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8

Drosophila Experiments: Developmental and Genetic Analyses

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Fly experiments were conducted as previously described (Ferguson and Martinez-Agosto 2014 (link)). Fly stocks were maintained at 25°C on standard food containing 0.7% agar, 5% glucose and 7% dry yeast. Canton-S was used as the wild type (wt) strain for all performed experiments. The strains apterous-gal 4(II)/Cyo, GFP, UAS-Mes-4/NSD (BL 22044, BL 15384), and UAS-IRwt were obtained from the Bloomington Drosophila Stock Center. We generated a UAS-Mes-4/NSD; UAS-IRwt stock using standard methods.
Brightfield images of third instar larvae and adult flies were obtained using a Leica light microscope. Larvae images were obtained at a magnification of 2.0X, adult flies at 1.6X and adult wings at 3.2X. Third instar larvae tissues were dissected then fixed at room temperature in 3.7% formaldehyde. Tissues were washed in 0.4% Triton X-100 in primary antibody overnight at 4°C, washed, stained in secondary antibody for 2 hours, mounted using Vectashield (Vector Laboratories) and imaged using a Zeiss LSM5. Antibodies used include: Cleaved Caspase-3 (Cell Signaling; 1:50), Phospho Histone H3 (Cell signaling; 1:50), Gigas (DHSB, 1:20), and H3K36me2 (EMDMillipore, 1:100).
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9

ChIP assay for histone modifications

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ChIP experiments were performed as described previously with minor modifications (Saleh et al., 2008 (link)). Leaf tissues (1.5 g) from 3-week-old plants were fixed with 1% (v/v) formaldehyde for 40 min at room temperature, and the chromatin samples were sonicated to yield 200–1,000-bp fragments. After pre-clearing of the chromatin samples with salmon sperm DNA/protein A agarose beads (EMD Millipore), immunoprecipitations were carried out with the appropriate antibodies to histone lysine methylation and reverse cross-linking overnight at 65°C. Immunoprecipitated DNA samples were purified using a silica membrane column (MACHEREY-NAGEL Inc.) and eluted in 60-μL elution buffer. For qPCR, 2 μL of DNA was amplified using SYBR Green Supermix (Bio-Rad) with specific primers, as listed in Supplemental Data Set S8. The data are presented as percentage of input values. The antibodies used for the ChIP experiments were: H3K4me2 (07-030, EMD Millipore), H3K4me3 (07-473, EMD Millipore), H3K9me2 (ab1220, Abcam), H3K9me3 (07-442, EMD Millipore), H3K36me2 (07-369-I, EMD Millipore), H3K36me3 (ab9050, Abcam), and IgG (sc‐2027, Santa Cruz) as a negative control.
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