Sodium hydroxide (naoh)

The Alhydrogel^® was obtained from InvivoGen (San Diego, California). The bovine serum albumin (BSA) and Ovalbumin (OVA) were purchased from Sigma (St Louis, MO). The Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was purchased from North China Pharmaceutical Group Genetech Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Shijiazhuang, China). The SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein’s receptor-binding domain (RBD) was purchased from Genscript (Nanjing, China). The potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, MOPS [3-(N-morpholino) propane sulfonic acid], MOPS sodium salt were obtained from Sangon (Shanghai, China). The hydrochloric acid was received from Kemiou (Tianjin, China). The Potassium nitrate was obtained from Damao Chemical Reagent Factory (Tianjin, China). The Pierce BCA protein assay kit was purchased from Thermo Scientific (Logan, UT).

Zinc acetate (Zn(CH₃COO)₂·2H₂O), sodium citrate (Na₃C₆H₅O₇·2H₂O), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), and ethanol (AR) were purchased from Sangon Biotech (China, www.sangon.com). ZnO was synthesized by a simple one-step method. A total of 0.2195 g of zinc acetate and 0.2941 g of sodium citrate were dissolved in 40 mL of deionized water and magnetically stirred for 10 min to form a clear solution. The above mixed solution was used as a precursor solution. Then, a certain amount of 3 mol/L NaOH solution was added dropwise to the precursor solution, and the PH values of the solutions were adjusted to be 9, 10 and 11. The above mixed solution was transferred to a 100 mL autoclave, sealed, and placed in a constant temperature drying oven at 120 °C for 8 h. It was cooled to room temperature, washed several times with deionized water and absolute ethanol, and placed in a constant temperature drying oven at 60 °C to be dried. We named the samples synthesized under the above three different PH values ZnO-1, ZnO-2, and ZnO-3.

Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB, ≥99%), tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS, 98%), 3‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTS, ≥98%) were purchased from Sigma‐Aldrich. Hydrogen chloride (HCl, 36.5–38%, trace metal grade) was purchased from China National Pharmaceutical Group Corporation, sodium hydroxide (NaOH, 97%) was purchased from Sangon Biotech (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Ethanol and magnesium chloride hexahydrate was purchased from Beijing Innochem Science & Technology co., LTD., Nuclease‐free water was purchased from Beyotime Biotechnology, MES hydrate was purchased from Amresco, cDNA synthesis kit and SYBR Green Master Mix were purchased from Nanjing Vazyme Biotech Co., Ltd., RNase A was purchased from Omega Bio‐Tek, The antibodies used for these immunological experiments were Anti‐GFP polyclonal antibody (Proteintech, 50430‐2‐AP), actin (plant specific) mouse monoclonal antibody (ABclonal, AC009), goat antimouse IgG‐HRP conjugated (Easybio, BE0102), goat antirabbit IgG‐HRP conjugated (Solarbio, SA134). siRNA was synthesized by Sangon Biotech (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. See Tables S1 and S2 (Supporting Information) for all RNA sequences and primers used in this study.

Cadmium oxide (CdO, 99.99%), zinc oxide (ZnO, 99.99%, power), sulfur (S, 99.98%, power), selenium (Se, 99.99%, power), oleic acid (OA, 90%), 1-octadecene (ODE, 90%), and 2-(N-morpholino) ethanesulfonic acid (MES) were purchased from Aldrich. NaOH, HCl, NaCl, KCl, Na₂CO₃, NaHCO₃, KH₂PO₄, Na₂HPO₄, H₃BO₃, Na₂B₄O₇∙10H₂O, Tris, Hepes, and Tween-20 were purchased from Shanghai Sangon Ltd (China). Bovine serum albumin (BSA) and calf serum were purchased from Sigma. 1-ethyl-3-(3-(dimethylamino) propyl) carbodiimide (EDC), N-Hydroxysulfosuccinimide (sulfo-NHS) and the microplates were purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific (USA). Mouse anti C-reaction protein monoclonal antibody and CRP antigen were obtained from Abcam (USA). The fluorescence spectra were detected using SpectraMaxi3 (Molecular Devices, Sunnyvale, USA). Images of electrophoresis gels were taken using a gel imaging system (GenoSens1860, Shanghai, China). The sizes of QDs and QD-antibody probe were recorded using dynamic light scattering (Nano-ZS 90, Malvern Instruments, UK). Purified water (18.2 mΩ, Millipore USA) was used in all experiments.

The new vegetable tanned cattle leather was collected from the market (Houjie Dingtai Leather Company, Dongguan, China).
The required reagents for the artificial aging experiments include hydrochloric acid (HCl), ammonium bicarbonate (NH₄HCO₃), and sodium hydroxide (NaOH). All reagents are of analytical grade and were obtained from Sangon Biotech (Shanghai, China) Co., Ltd.
For the orthogonal experiments, the following reagents were used: NaOH (analytical grade, Sangon Biotech) and a protein concentration determination kit (Sangon Biotech).
The reagents used for electrophoresis experiments include precast gels, protein loading buffer, electrophoresis running buffer, protein maker, ethanol, methanol, acetic acid, ammonium sulfate, and Coomassie brilliant blue G250. All reagents are of analytical grade and were purchased from Sangon Biotech.
For the biomass spectrometry experiments, the required reagents include formic acid (chromatography grade, Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA), acetonitrile (chromatography grade, Sigma), and trypsin (sequencing grade, Promega, Madison, WI, USA).
All reagents used in these experiments are of high purity and were procured from reputable suppliers. The quality of the reagents ensures the reliability and accuracy of the experimental results.