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8 protocols using jem 1230

1

Characterization of Gold Nanostars

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Gold nanostars were characterized using TEM (JEOL JEM-1230) equipped with a Gatan CCD camera and 120 keV accelerating voltage. Samples were prepared by first diluting the nanoparticle solution by 50% using ethanol. This solution was pipetted onto 400 mesh copper grids coated with a thin film of Formvar and carbon (Ted Pella). TEM images were analyzed (Image Pro Analyzer or Image J) to estimate the average overall (ferret) radius before (33.0 ± 8.6 nm, N = 163) and after functionalization (24.8 ± 5.0 nm, N = 149) as well as the tip radius of curvature (before 4.4 ± 0.8 nm, N = 213 and after 4.5 ± 0.5 nm, N = 205 functionalization) where N = the total number of measurements collected, and the average ± standard deviation of these are reported.
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2

Transmission Electron Microscopy Imaging

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Sections were imaged on a JEOL transmission electron microscope (JEM-100B, JEM-1200EX, or JEM-1230) with film (4,000–10,000×) or with a Gatan UltraScan4000 CCD camera (5,000×). Images were acquired from all the SLM serial section series and some of the dentate series using a Zeiss field emission scanning electron microscope operating in the transmission mode using a transmitted electron detector (1.8–2.0 nm/pixel). A diffraction grating replica (Ernest Fullam, Inc., Latham, NY) was imaged along with the serial section series to calibrate pixel size (~2 nm for all datasets).
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3

Ultrastructural Analysis of Newborn Pig Trachea

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Tracheal segments less than 1 mm3 from newborn pigs were cut, rinsed in cold 1X DPBS, and fixed in sodium cacodylate solution with 2.5% glutaraldehyde. Tissues were post-fixed in 2% osmium tetroxide and en bloc stained with 2.5% uranyl acetate. Next, tissues were dehydrated, infiltrated with Eponate 12, and polymerized at 60 °C for one day. 70 nm sections were cut and counterstained with 5% uranyl acetate and Reynold’s lead citrate. Images were taken using a transmission electron microscope (JEOL, JEM1230) with a Gatan UltraScan 2k x 2k CCD camera.
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4

Ultrastructural Analysis of Porcine Trachea

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Tracheal segments (<1 mm3) from newborn pigs were cut, briefly rinsed in cold 1× PBS, and fixed in glutaraldehyde fixation buffer (2.5% glutaraldehyde, 0.1 M sodium cacodylate). Tissues were next postfixed in osmium tetroxide (2%), and en-bloc stained with uranyl acetate (2.5%). Then, tissues were dehydrated through a graded ethanol series, infiltrated with Eponate 12, and polymerized at 60 °C for 24 h. Next, 70-nm-thick sections were cut and counterstained with 5% uranyl acetate and Reynold’s lead citrate. Images were taken using a transmission electron microscope (JEOL, JEM1230) with a Gatan UltraScan 2k × 2k CCD camera.
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5

Ultrastructural Analysis of Newborn Pig Trachea

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Tracheal segments less than 1 mm3 from newborn pigs were cut, rinsed in cold 1X DPBS, and fixed in sodium cacodylate solution with 2.5% glutaraldehyde. Tissues were post-fixed in 2% osmium tetroxide and en bloc stained with 2.5% uranyl acetate. Next, tissues were dehydrated, infiltrated with Eponate 12, and polymerized at 60 °C for one day. 70 nm sections were cut and counterstained with 5% uranyl acetate and Reynold’s lead citrate. Images were taken using a transmission electron microscope (JEOL, JEM1230) with a Gatan UltraScan 2k x 2k CCD camera.
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6

Transmission Electron Microscopy of Larvae

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Freshly euthanized larvae were fixed overnight in Karnovsky’s fixative40 , rinsed in 0.1 M sodium cacodylate buffer, post-fixed for one hour in 1% osmium tetroxide, then again rinsed in 0.1 M sodium cacodylate buffer. Larvae were then dehydrated in a graded series of ethanol, infiltrated with and embedded in epoxy resin, and polymerized in a 70 °C oven for 48 hours. To identify areas of interest for TEM analysis, semi-thin sections of 1 µm thickness were cut transversely using an ultramicrotome, stained with toluidine blue and imaged with a Nikon Instruments Eclipse compound light microscope. Ultra-thin sections of 100 nm thickness for TEM analysis were then cut using an ultramicrotome and stained with 33% methanolic uranyl acetate for 15 minutes and lead citrate (Electron Microscopy Sciences, cat # 22410) for 7 minutes. Digital electron micrographs were collected using a JEOL JEM-1230 equipped with a Gatan CCD camera.
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7

Nanomaterial Characterization by Negative Staining and Cryo-TEM

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All samples were prepared with in H2O containing 10 % DMSO. Samples for negative staining were applied to glow‐discharged carbon‐coated copper grids and stained with 2 % (w/v) NanoVan (methylamine vanadate), Nanoprobes. Digital micrographs were taken at room temperature in low‐dose radiation mode on a Jeol transmission electron microscope (JEM‐1230) operated at 100 kV and equipped with an Orius SC1000 (4008×2672 pixels) cooled slow‐scan CCD camera (GATAN, UK). For cryo‐microscopy studies the samples were vitrified on Quantifoil 2/2 grids, using a Vitrobot (FEI) and were analyzed at liquid nitrogen temperature with a transmission electron microscope operated at 200 kV in low‐dose conditions. The samples were applied to glow‐discharged carbon‐coated copper grids and stained with 2 % (w/v) NanoVan. Micrographs were taken at a low radiation dose on a JEM‐2200FS/CR transmission electron microscope (JEOL, Japan), equipped with an UltraScan 4000 SP (4008×4008 pixels) cooled slow‐scan CCD camera (GATAN, UK).
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8

Negative Staining TEM of Virus Samples

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Samples for transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were prepared by the negative staining method using a 2% w/v solution of uranyl acetate (Electron Microscopy Sciences) in distilled water. Virus samples were diluted to approximately 20–100 μg/mL protein in Tris-buffered saline (10 mM Tris, 150 mM NaCl, pH = 7.5). Briefly, 3 μL of diluted virus sample was applied to glow discharged (PELCO easiGlow, TED PELLA) formvar/copper support film TEM grids (Electron Microscopy Sciences). Following a brief incubation of 30 s, the sample was blotted away from the grid using filter paper (Whatman). Sample-laden grids were washed twice by contact with two successive droplets of distilled water, and subsequently dabbed twice into droplets of uranyl acetate solution. Micrographs were obtained using a Hitachi 7,500 (Hitachi) TEM at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, and a Tecnai F20 (Field Electron and Ion company) and JEOL JEM-1230 (Gatan) TEMs at the New York Structural Biology Center.
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