Anti p38 mapk

THP was purchased from Shenzhen Main Luck Pharmaceuticals Inc., Guangdong, China. RUT (purity > 98%) was obtained from Nanjing Jingzhu Bio-Technology Co., Ltd., Jiangsu, China. DZR and SB203580 were purchased from Jiangsu Aosaikang Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Nanjing, China, and Selleck Chemicals, Houston, USA, respectively. Hoechst 33258 and dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) were bought from Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute, Jiangsu, China. DMEM-F12 culture medium and fetal bovine serum (FBS) were obtained from GIBCO BRL, USA. Primary antibodies, including anti-p38 MAPK and anti-p-p38 MAPK antibodies, were purchased from ABclonal Technology, Boston, USA. Anti-TGF-β1 antibody was purchased from Santa Cruz, CA, USA. Anticleaved Caspase-3, Caspase-7, and Caspase-9 antibodies were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology, Inc., MA, USA.

The fruiting body of Hericium erinaceus was purchased from Jilin Jiaohe Songshan Food Co., Ltd. (Jiaohe, China). Dextran standards (670, 410, 270, 80, 25, 12 and 5 kDa) were purchased from Sigma Chemical Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). Monosaccharide standards, including arabinose, mannose, fucose, xylose, rhamnose, galactose and glucose were purchased from Sigma Chemical Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). Cell Counting Kit-8 was obtained from APExBIO Technology LLC (Houston, TX, USA). Neutral red staining solution, nitric oxide assay kit and BCA kit were obtained from Beyotime Biological Technology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Western Blot assay kit, SDS-PAGE kit, ELISA kits of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10 and IFN were obtained from Boster Biological Technology Co., Ltd. (Wuhan, China). Anti-ERK, anti-phospho ERK, anti-JNK, anti-phospho JNK, anti-p38 MAPK, anti-phospho p38 MAPK, anti-Akt, anti-phospho Akt, anti-IkBα, anti-p65, anti-β-actin and anti-Histone H2A were purchased from ABclonal Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Wuhan, China). Inhibitors of BAY11-7082, SB203580, SP600125, PD98059 and LY294002 were purchased from Selleck Chemicals (Shanghai, China).

Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Dallas, Texas, USA) provided the anti‐TIMD4 (Cat# SC‐390805), anti‐ADAM17 (Cat# SC‐390859), and TGF‐β1 (Cat# sc‐130348) antibodies. Affinity Biosciences (Cincinnati, Ohio, USA) provided the anti‐p‐NF‐κB (Cat# AF2006), anti‐IL‐6 (Cat# DF6087), anti‐IL‐10 (Cat# DF6894), and anti‐IL‐18 (Cat# DF6252) antibodies. ABclonal (Boston, MA, USA) provided anti‐NF‐κB (Cat# A16271), anti‐phosphorylated p38 MAPK (p‐p38 MAPK, Cat# AP0526), anti‐p38 MAPK (Cat# A14401), anti‐caspase‐1 (Cat# A0964), and anti‐IL‐1β (Cat# A16288) antibodies. Proteintech (Chicago, IL, USA) provided the anti‐TLR‐4 (Cat# 66350‐1‐Ig), anti‐TGF‐β1 (Cat# 21898‐1‐AP) antibodies, HRP‐conjugated GAPDH monoclonal antibody (Cat# HRP‐60004), and fluorescein‐conjugated AffiniPure Goat Anti‐Rabbit IgG (H+L) (Cat# SA00003‐2). MedChemExpress (Monmouth Junction, NJ, USA) provided TAPI‐1 (Cat# HY‐16657) and SB203580 (Cat# HY‐10256). Yiyuan Biotechnology (Guangzhou, China) provided ox‐LDL (Cat# YB‐002). Sigma–Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA) provided LPS (Cat# L2630).