Confirmation of synthesized nanoparticles is AgNPs by ultraviolet (UV)-vis spectrophotometry absorption spectra using a spectro UV 2080 double beam, between the wavelength scan range of 190-700 nm, 1200 L/mm spectrophotometer, Analytical technologies, India. To know the possible bio-molecules responsible for reduction and stabilization of AgNPs by Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) spectra in the scan range of 4,000 to 500 cm−1 transmittance with an ALPHA interferometer, Bruker, Ettlingen, Karlsruhe, Germany by KBr pellet method. X-ray diffraction of synthesized nanoparticles is examined by an X-ray diffractometer (XRD) (Shimadzu, XRD-6000) equipped with Cu Ka radiation source using Ni as a filter at a setting of 30 kV/30 mA to know the crystalline nature of AgNPs. Purity of AgNPs was analyzed by FEI Quanta 200 FEG high resolution (HR)-scanning electron microscopy (SEM) machine equipped with EDAX instrument. To know the size, shape, agglomeration pattern, and dispersed nature of the nanoparticles are done by atomic force microscopy (AFM) by NOVA NT-MDT SOLVER NEXT, Russia. SEM by FEI Quanta 200 FEG HR-SEM machine. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) using HF-3300 advanced 300 kV TEM/STEM from Hitachi.
Alpha interferometer
Manufactured by Bruker
Sourced in Germany, United Kingdom
The ALPHA interferometer is a compact Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer developed by Bruker. It is designed for qualitative and quantitative analysis of a wide range of samples, including solids, liquids, and gases. The ALPHA interferometer utilizes an interferometric technique to measure the absorption or transmission of infrared radiation by the sample, providing information about its molecular composition and structure.
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6 protocols using alpha interferometer
1
Comprehensive Characterization of Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles
2
FTIR Analysis of Material Samples
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FTIR tests were carried out using an ALPHA interferometer (Bruker UK, Limited, Coventry, UK) with a horizontal universal attenuated total reflectance (ATR) sample accessory. Samples were placed on the surface of the diamond ATR plate, and the ATR assembly was clamped to ensure good contact. In each of the measurements, 30 scans were collected per spectrum with a resolution of 2 cm−1 in the spectral region of 400–4000 cm−1 using OPUS software. All of the spectral data were collected at an ambient temperature between 20 and 23 °C.
3
PFFE-AgNPs Synthesis and Characterization
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The solution of PFFE-AgNPs was purified by centrifugation to remove the unbounded plant molecules. Centrifugation was carried out and repeated three times at 15,000 rpm for 15 min. The pellet was collected and dried into pure powder. This pure powder of PFFE-AgNPs was used for further studies. To detect the functional groups involved in the synthesis and capping of PFFE-AgNPs, a Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrum (Alpha interferometer, Bruker, Karlsruhe, Germany) was recorded between 500 and 4000 cm−1 with a resolution of 2 cm−1 [111 (link)].
4
Surface Composition Analysis via ALPHA ATR-FTIR
5
Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Compounds
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All the chemicals were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich and the solvents from Merck. Thin layer chromatography was performed on Merck 60F254 plates. Infrared spectra were recorded on Bruker ALPHA Interferometer. Melting points of the compounds were determined on Guna digital melting point apparatus using open capillary tubes and are uncorrected. NMR spectra were recorded on a Bruker instrument operating at 400 MHz for 1H and 100 MHz for 13C in DMSO-d6, TMS was used as an internal standard. Chemical shift (δ) and coupling constant (J) were expressed in ppm and hertz respectively. LC mass spectra were recorded on Agilent LCMS-model 2010A Shimadzu instrument in positive mode. HRMS spectra were recorded on Agilent HRMS instrument in positive mode.
6
FTIR Analysis of Intermolecular Interactions
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FTIR spectra of the solid samples were measured using an ALPHA interferometer (Bruker UK Limited, Coventry, UK) with a horizontal universal attenuated total reflectance (ATR) accessory. Samples were placed on the surface of the diamond ATR plate and the ATR assembly was clamped to ensure good contact.
The investigation of the intermolecular interaction among FFA, NIC, TP and polymers (PEG, PVP and PVP-VA) in solution was carried out by FTIR. Solution spectra were collected using the same spectrometer fitted with a transmission accessory and the Bruker 6500S Circular Aperture liquid cell with size of 32×3 mm CaF2 window. The path length was 0.05mm. Methanol was selected for the intermolecular interaction study of FFA, NIC and polymers, in which the concentrations of individual components were 50, 21.7 and 20 mg/mL respectively. A cosolvent of 1M HCl and methanol at a ratio of 1:6 was selected for the intermolecular interaction study of FFA, TP and polymers, in which the concentrations of individual components were 14.3, 9.14 and 20 mg/mL respectively.
In each measurement, 30 scans were collected per spectrum with a resolution of 2 cm -1 in the spectral region of 400 to 4000 cm -1 using OPUS software. All the spectral data were collected at an ambient temperature, between 20 to 23°C.
The investigation of the intermolecular interaction among FFA, NIC, TP and polymers (PEG, PVP and PVP-VA) in solution was carried out by FTIR. Solution spectra were collected using the same spectrometer fitted with a transmission accessory and the Bruker 6500S Circular Aperture liquid cell with size of 32×3 mm CaF2 window. The path length was 0.05mm. Methanol was selected for the intermolecular interaction study of FFA, NIC and polymers, in which the concentrations of individual components were 50, 21.7 and 20 mg/mL respectively. A cosolvent of 1M HCl and methanol at a ratio of 1:6 was selected for the intermolecular interaction study of FFA, TP and polymers, in which the concentrations of individual components were 14.3, 9.14 and 20 mg/mL respectively.
In each measurement, 30 scans were collected per spectrum with a resolution of 2 cm -1 in the spectral region of 400 to 4000 cm -1 using OPUS software. All the spectral data were collected at an ambient temperature, between 20 to 23°C.
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