Glulisine

Manufactured by Sanofi

Sourced in France

Glulisine is a rapid-acting insulin analog developed by Sanofi for the management of diabetes. It is a laboratory-synthesized form of insulin that is designed to mimic the body's natural insulin response to food intake. Glulisine is intended to be used as part of a comprehensive diabetes treatment plan.

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Lab products found in correlation

Glargine, by Sanofi (1 mentions) Aspart, by Novo Nordisk (1 mentions) Levemir, by Novo Nordisk (1 mentions) Actrapid, by Novo Nordisk (1 mentions) Lispro, by Eli Lilly (1 mentions) Degludec, by Novo Nordisk (1 mentions)

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Insulin glulisine (3 citations)

2 protocols using glulisine

Rapid Insulin Analog for Meal-time Glycemic Control

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The participants were advised to use rapid acting insulin analog (Glulisine, Sanofi, France) within 15 minutes before the main meal as prandial or bolus insulin. The starting dose was 4 units/meal or 0.1 unit/kg body weight depending on participants’ characteristic. Bolus insulin dose was adjusted as appropriate via mobile phone or line application within 2 weeks until 2-hour PPG ≤ 180 mg/dl. In this group, the participants could do their usual activity but they were advised not to walk after meal.
During the study period, if the participants developed hyperglycemic emergency (diabetic ketoacidosis, hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state), had FPG > 250 mg/dl or HbA1c > 9%, the participants would be excluded from the study.

Suntornlohanakul O., Areevut C., Saetung S., Ingsathit A, & Rattarasarn C. (2020). Glycemic effect of post-meal walking compared to one prandial insulin injection in type 2 diabetic patients treated with basal insulin: A randomized controlled cross-over study. PLoS ONE, 15(4), e0230554.

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Insulin Detemir Expiry Evaluation

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Insulin detemir (IDet), trademarked as Levemir® and manufactured by Novo Nordisk, was obtained as 3 mL vials, 100U/mL (14.2 mg/mL), for FlexTouch® pens, as a gift from the Independent Diabetes Trust. IDet excipients list includes 65.4 μg/mL zinc, 2.06 mg/mL m-cresol, 16.0 mg/mL glycerol, 1.80 mg/mL phenol, 0.89 mg/mL Na 2 HPO 4 •2H 2 O and 1.17 mg/mL NaCl. HCl and NaOH may have been added by the manufacturer to adjust pH to 7.4 [20] . These preparations included expired samples (2013, 2015, 2016, 2017) as well as an in-date batch (2020). While not in use, all IDet preparations were refrigerated at ~5 °C. All experiments involving expiry of samples were carried out over a 4 month period in Summer 2018.
Eight other in-date insulins were also screened to assess temperature dependence, but only for single dose concentrations. These were Human Recombinant (Novorapid®, Novo Nordisk), Bovine and Porcine (Hypurin®, Wockhardt), Aspart (Actrapid®, Novo Nordisk), Glulisine (Apidra®, Sanofi), Lispro (Humalog®, Lilly), Glargine (Lantus®, Sanofi) and Degludec (Tresiba®, Novo Nordisk).

Beji O., Gillis R.B., Dinu V., Jiwani S.I., Gyasi-Antwi P., Fisk I.D., Meal A., Morgan P.S., Harding S.E., Huang S., Agugini G., Fedele F, & Adams G.G. (2020). Exploration of temperature and shelf-life dependency of the therapeutically available Insulin Detemir. European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics : official journal of Arbeitsgemeinschaft fur Pharmazeutische Verfahrenstechnik e.V, 152.

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